Figure 2. Impaired adaptation to prolonged fasting in p21^Cip1 deficient mice.

(A) Representative pictures of epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) and interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) of wild type and p21KO mice after 48 h fasting. (B) Representative pictures of H&E-stained sections of eWAT and BAT of ad libitum-fed or 48 h fasted WT and p21KO mice. Bars correspond to 0.2 mm. Bars in high magnification insets correspond to 50 μm. (C) Temperature of fed and 48 h fasted WT and p21KO mice. Temperature was measured with a rectal thermometer (n = 4–6 males, 12 weeks old). (D) Glucose (GLUC.), free fatty acids (FFA), ketone bodies (KB), tryglicerides (TG), insulin, IGF1, leptin and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) serum levels in WT and p21KO mice after 48 hours fasting or ad libitum feeding. (E) Relative level of the indicated amino acids in the serum of WT and p21KO mice after ad libitum feeding, 24 h or 48 h fasting. Measurements were performed by NMR (n = 4–5 males, 12 weeks old). (F) Relative expression of the indicated proteolytic factors in muscle of WT and p21KO mice after ad libitum feeding or 48 h fasting (n = 3 males, 12 weeks old). Values correspond to mean ± s.d. Statistical significance was determined by two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc test: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. See also Figure S1.