Table 1.

Clinical Characteristics of Study Subjects

	Healthy Control Subjects (n = 25)	Patients at Increased CVD Risk (n = 23)	Patients With Known CVD (n = 35)	p Value∗	p Value†
Age, yrs	60 ± 11	59 ± 6	63 ± 7	NS	NS
Male	60 (15)	74 (17)	77 (27)	NS	NS
BMI, kg/m2	25 ± 3	26 ± 3	27 ± 4	NS	NS
SBP, mm Hg	134 ± 16	135 ± 9	133 ± 8	NS	NS
DBP, mm Hg	81 ± 10	82 ± 8	81 ± 7	NS	NS
Smoking	0 (0)	0 (0)	14 (5)	0.026	0.012
Lipid-lowering drugs, % yes	0 (0)	83 (19)	100 (35)	<0.001	NS
Statin use	0 (0)	83 (19)	86 (30)	<0.001	NS
Ezetimibe use	0 (0)	0 (0)	14 (5)	<0.001	<0.001
ACE inhibitor use	0 (0)	91 (21)	100 (35)	<0.001	NS
Acetylsalicylic acid use	0 (0)	70 (16)	100 (35)	<0.001	NS
Beta-blocker use, % yes	0 (0)	74 (17)	100 (35)	<0.001	NS
TChol, mmol/l	5.32 ± 0.96	7.33 ± 2.81	5.99 ± 3.16	0.040	NS
LDL-C, mmol/l	3.24 ± 0.97	5.42 ± 2.63	4.18 ± 3.11	0.011	NS
HDL-C, mmol/l	1.65 ± 0.37	1.21 ± 0.25	1.24 ± 0.37	<0.001	NS
TG, mmol/l	0.89 [0.84]	1.57 [0.99]	1.42 [0.91]	0.001	NS
Glucose, mmol/l	5.04 ± 0.33	5.40 ± 0.75	5.41 ± 1.19	NS	NS
Creatinine, μmol/l	79 [16]	80 [17]	82 [17]	NS	NS
Leukocytes, 109/l	6.10 ± 1.74	6.30 ± 2.54	6.29 ± 1.52	NS	NS
Monocytes, 109/l	0.45 ± 0.13	0.51 ± 0.16	0.54 ± 0.20	NS	NS
CRP, mg/l	1.30 [1.35]	1.20 [2.00]	2.30 [3.30]	NS	NS
CAC scores†‡	0 (0)	303 (110)	691 (372)	<0.001	<0.001

Values are mean ± SD, % (n), or median [IQR].

ACE = angiotensin-converting enzyme; BMI = body mass index; CAC score = coronary artery calcium score; CRP = C-reactive protein; DBP = diastolic blood pressure; HDL-C = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; IQR = interquartile range; LDL-C = low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; NS = not significant; SBP = systolic blood pressure; TChol = total cholesterol; TG = triglycerides.

^∗p value between all groups.

^†p value between patients at increased CVD risk and patients with known disease.

^‡Agatston score.