Table 1.
Coagulation Parameters During the Study.a
| Pre-injury Baseline | Hemodilution | After Liver Injury and Immediately Before Infusion of Fibrinogen Concentrate/Saline | Time After Starting Infusion of Fibrinogen Concentrate/Saline | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 20 Minutes | 100 Minutes | 220 Minutes | 340 Minutes | 700 Minutes | 1420 Minutes | ||||
| Platelet count, 103/µL | |||||||||
| Control | 235 ± 29 | 140 ± 23 | 95 ± 14 | 90 ± 14 | 85 ± 11 | 84 ± 14 | 82 ± 17 | 75 ± 16 | 60 ± 10 |
| Fibrinogen | 259 ± 33 | 160 ± 26 | 107 ± 20 | 120 ± 22b | 109 ± 11 | 107 ± 12 | 102 ± 11 | 95 ± 14 | 78 ± 12 |
| PT, seconds | |||||||||
| Control | 9.2 ± 0.7 | 13.0 ± 1.0 | 18.4 ± 1.8 | 20.1 ± 2.0 | 19.7 ± 3.3 | 18.2 ± 4.2 | 17.1 ± 5.0 | 13.3 ± 1.6 | 9.7 ± 2.1 |
| Fibrinogen | 9.3 ± 0.3 | 12.8 ± 1.1 | 17.4 ± 1.2 | 12.1 ± 2.0b | 13.3 ± 3.3b | 13.8 ± 2.8b | 13.2 ± 1.6b | 12.2 ± 1.6 | 9.7 ± 1.0 |
| aPTT, seconds | |||||||||
| Control | 11.0 ± 0.7 | 13.9 ± 1.2 | 18.8 ± 2.2 | 19.0 ± 1.2 | 17.4 ± 1.2 | 17.3 ± 1.4 | 17.1 ± 1.5 | 18.0 ± 2.1 | 18.5 ±3.1 |
| Fibrinogen | 11.0 ± 1.2 | 12.8 ± 1.0 | 18.5 ± 1.5 | 17.0 ± 2.3 | 16.0 ± 1.7 | 15.9 ± 1.7 | 15.7 ± 1.2 | 16.9 ± 1.1 | 17.4 ± 2.1 |
| Fibrinogen concentration: porcine ELISA, mg/dL | |||||||||
| Control | 170 ± 47 | 61 ± 12 | 36 ± 6 | 35 ± 5 | 39 ± 7 | 39 ± 7 | 44 ± 7 | 54 ± 12 | 95 ± 40 |
| Fibrinogen | 159 ± 39 | 49 ± 12 | 40 ± 10 | 53 ± 14 | 54 ± 7 | 54 ± 7 | 51 ± 9 | 57 ± 9 | 90 ± 35 |
| Fibrinogen concentration: human ELISA, mg/dL | |||||||||
| Control | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 |
| Fibrinogen | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 154 ± 10 | 131 ± 10 | 116 ± 15 | 105 ± 16 | 88 ± 16 | 77 ± 18 |
| CT, seconds | |||||||||
| Control | 41 ± 4 | 49 ± 4 | 69 ± 5 | 71 ± 11 | 67 ± 9 | 67 ± 10 | 60 ± 7 | 53 ± 13 | 41 ± 7 |
| Fibrinogen | 38 ± 4 | 46 ± 5 | 65 ± 8 | 40 ± 7b | 42 ± 6b | 45 ± 7b | 46 ± 6b | 45 ± 7 | 40 ± 6 |
| CFT, seconds | |||||||||
| Control | 47 ± 8 | 82 ± 13 | 139 ± 21 | 152 ± 20 | 135 ± 19 | 127 ± 13 | 117 ± 16 | 103 ± 14 | 77 ± 9 |
| Fibrinogen | 43 ± 9 | 71 ± 10 | 128 ± 17 | 70 ± 11b | 70 ± 8b | 76 ± 11b | 78 ± 13b | 86 ± 18 | 67 ± 15 |
| MCF, mm | |||||||||
| Control | 70 ± 4 | 59 ± 5 | 46 ± 2 | 45 ± 4 | 49 ± 4 | 51 ± 3 | 53 ± 3 | 59 ± 2 | 68 ± 2 |
| Fibrinogen | 73 ± 4 | 61 ± 5 | 49 ± 4 | 63 ± 3b | 64 ± 2b | 65 ± 3b | 65 ± 3b | 67 ± 3b | 71 ± 4 |
| α angle, ° | |||||||||
| Control | 81 ± 2 | 72 ± 4 | 63 ± 3 | 62 ± 3 | 65 ± 3 | 66 ± 2 | 67 ± 3 | 67 ± 3 | 78 ± 4 |
| Fibrinogen | 77 ± 4 | 76 ± 2 | 67 ± 4 | 80 ± 1b | 78 ± 2b | 76 ± 4b | 76 ± 3b | 76 ± 4 | 80 ± 5 |
| MaxV, mm/s | |||||||||
| Control | 28 ± 4 | 15 ± 3 | 10 ± 1 | 9 ± 2 | 10 ± 1 | 11 ± 1 | 12 ± 1 | 13 ± 2 | 23 ± 5 |
| Fibrinogen | 30 ± 6 | 19 ± 4 | 15 ± 12 | 24 ± 4b | 20 ± 3b | 19 ± 3b | 19 ± 3b | 19 ± 4b | 28 ± 9 |
| CT PPP, seconds | |||||||||
| Control | 50 ± 7 | 56 ± 11 | 82 ± 27 | 81 ± 18 | 80 ± 15 | 64 ± 11 | 62 ± 11 | 49 ± 6 | 43 ± 9 |
| Fibrinogen | 43 ± 6 | 52 ± 8 | 77 ± 29 | 44 ± 8b | 50 ± 7b | 48 ± 6b | 51 ± 7b | 50 ± 8 | 43 ± 7 |
| CFT PPP, seconds | |||||||||
| Control | 219 ± 127 | ≥2000 ± 0.0 | ≥2000 ± 0.0 | ≥2000 ± 0.0 | ≥2000 ± 0.0 | ≥2000 ± 0.0 | ≥2000 ± 0.0 | ≥2000 ± 0.0 | 43 ± 9 |
| Fibrinogen | 252 ± 191 | ≥2000 ± 0.0c | ≥2000 ± 0.0c | 256 ± 135c | 391 ± 245c | 390 ± 179c | 346 ± 182c | 309 ± 190c | 101 ± 93 |
| MCF PPP, mm | |||||||||
| Control | 28 ± 4 | 10 ± 3 | 8 ± 4 | 6 ± 2 | 6 ± 2 | 7 ± 2 | 8 ± 2 | 14 ± 3 | 26 ± 3 |
| Fibrinogen | 30 ± 6 | 12 ± 2 | 7 ± 2 | 26 ± 4b | 24 ± 3b | 23 ± 3b | 24 ± 3b | 26 ± 4b | 34 ± 4 |
| α angle PPP, ° | |||||||||
| Control | 79 ± 6 | 34 ± 27 | 16 ± 12 | 11 ± 3 | 12 ± 7 | 16 ± 10 | 19 ± 14 | 56 ± 14 | 80 ± 3 |
| Fibrinogen | 81 ± 2 | 48 ± 22 | 12 ± 4 | 82 ± 1b | 81 ± 1b | 80 ± 2b | 79 ± 2b | 80 ± 2b | 82 ± 4 |
| MaxV PPP, mm/s | |||||||||
| Control | 25 ± 7 | 8 ± 5 | 3 ± 2 | 2 ± 1 | 3 ± 2 | 4 ± 3 | 4 ± 2 | 10 ± 3 | 27 ± 5 |
| Fibrinogen | 27 ± 5 | 9 ± 3 | 3 ± 2 | 31 ± 4b | 27 ± 5b | 24 ± 3b | 23 ± 4 | 24 ± 5b | 33 ± 8 |
Abbreviation: SD, standard deviation; CT, clotting time; CFT, clot formation time; MCF, maximum clot firmness; PT, prothrombin time; aPTT, activated partial thromboplastin time; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; PPP, platelet-poor plasma.
aData are presented as mean (SD). ROTEM data (CT, CFT, MCF, α-angle, and MaxV) are from the EXTEM assay.
b P < .05 vs control.
c P value for between-group difference not calculated because 2000 was the ceiling level, meaning that limited information was available for data relating to fibrinogen levels above this threshold.