Table 2. Average marginal effects (95% confidence intervals) in probit models for diabetes prevalence (total diagnosed and undiagnosed) in China: 45+ years old.
| Total diagnosed | Undiagnosed | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A.M.E. (95% CI) (%) | p | A.M.E. (95% CI) (%) | p | |
| Individual characteristics | ||||
| Age | 0.3 (0.2, 0.3) | 0.000*** | 0.2 (0.1, 0.2) | 0.000*** |
| Male | 1.6 (-0.8, 3.9) | 0.192 | 1.2 (-0.8, 3.2) | 0.236 |
| Married | 2.1 (-0.2, 4.4) | 0.070 | 1.0 (-0.9, 2.9) | 0.317 |
| Behavioral health | ||||
| Smoking | ||||
| Non-smoker | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Past smoker | 1.6 (-1.5, 4.7) | 0.313 | 1.1 (-1.6, 3.7) | 0.426 |
| Current smoker | 0.4 (-1.9, 2.6) | 0.744 | 0.9 (-1.1, 2.8) | 0.382 |
| Drinking | ||||
| Abstainer | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Current drinker (>0 but ≤1) | -0.6 (-3.5, 2.2) | 0.670 | 0.0 (-2.5, 2.4) | 0.982 |
| Current drinker (>1) | -0.7 (-2.7, 1.3) | 0.518 | 1.0 (-0.8, 2.7) | 0.272 |
| BMI category | ||||
| Under/normal weight | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Overweight | 3.3 (1.2, 5.3) | 0.002** | 2.7 (1.2, 4.2) | 0.000*** |
| Obesity | 10.2 (7.0, 13.5) | 0.000*** | 7.2 (4.7, 9.6) | 0.000** |
| Waist Circumference | ||||
| Normal waist circumference | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Central obesity | 5.0 (3.0, 7.1) | 0.000*** | 2.6 (0.9, 4.4) | 0.003** |
| Health status | ||||
| Medical system | ||||
| Not contact with medical system | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Contact with medical system | 2.7 (1.0, 4.4) | 0.002** | -1.5 (-2.5, -0.5) | 0.005** |
| Blood pressure | ||||
| Normotension | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Hypertension | 5.4 (3.7, 7.0) | 0.000*** | 2.6 (1.2, 4.0) | 0.000*** |
| Socioeconomic gradient | ||||
| Education | ||||
| Illiterate | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Primary | 0.8 (-1.2, 2.7) | 0.434 | -0.2 (-1.9, 1.4) | 0.773 |
| Secondary | 1.2 (-1.2, 3.6) | 0.315 | 0.5 (-1.5, 2.5) | 0.638 |
| College and above | -1.9 (-8.4, 4.6) | 0.568 | -2.8 (-7.9, 2.4) | 0.294 |
| Adjusted household income | ||||
| First tercile | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Second tercile | -0.9 (-2.7, 0.9) | 0.336 | -0.6 (-2.1, 0.9) | 0.423 |
| Third tercile | -0.3 (-2.2, 1.7) | 0.784 | -1.4 (-3.0, 0.2) | 0.087 |
| Urban/rural settings | ||||
| Rural area | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Urban area | 1.8 (0.8, 2.7) | 0.000*** | -0.7 (-2.1, 0.7) | 0.309 |
AME average marginal effect, CI confidence interval, REF reference category the AME of a categorical variable is the mean change in the predicted probability that the outcome is equal to one as the categorical variable changes from 0 to 1, holding all other covariates at their observed values. To illustrate, the probability of being measured is 4.6 percentage points higher for Central obesity than Normal waist circumference (95% CI, 2.8–6.4), holding all other covariates at their observed values.
* p < 0.05,
** p < 0.01,
*** p < 0.001