Table 2.
Associations among behavioral economic and time perspective measures and drinking practices and problems during the year before initial natural resolution: Multiple regression results
| Outcomesa | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Predictors | Alcohol consumed per drinking day |
Days well- functioningb |
ADSc | DPSd | Initial Resolution Status |
|||||
| b (95% CI) |
ES (R2)e |
b (95% CI) |
ES (R2) |
b (95% CI) |
ES (R2) |
b (95% CI) |
ES (R2) |
OR (95% CI) |
ES (d) |
|
| Log k | −1.27 (−18.02, 15.47) |
<.001 | 10.15 (−0.22, 20.52) |
.022 | −0.63 (−1.46, 0.20) |
.012 | 0.01 (−0.69, 0.71) |
<.001 | 0.99 (0.79, 1.23) |
−0.01 |
| Intensity of alcohol demand |
5.27** (1.84, 8.71) |
.053 | −2.73* (−4.86, -0.60) |
.038 |
0.24** (0.07, 0.41) |
.041 | 0.09 (−0.06, 0.23) |
.007 | 1.00 (0.94, 1.06) |
0 |
| Ratio of overall to locally favorable choices |
−0.10 (−0.42, 0.23) |
.002 | 0.05 (−0.15, 0.26) |
.002 | −0.01 (−0.03, 0.01) |
.009 | −0.001 (−0.01, 0.01) |
<.001 | 1.00 (0.99, 1.01) |
0 |
| ASDE indexf | 96.72* (5.68, 187.76) |
.025 | −94.08** (−150.46, -37.70) |
.064 | 6.97** (2.46, 11.48) |
.051 | 9.11*** (5.33, 12.90) |
0.11 | 5.59** (1.61, 19.48) |
0.95 |
| Future Orientation | −30.48 (−96.13, 35.17) |
.005 | 12.59 (−28.07, 53.24) |
.002 | −0.33 (−3.58, 2.93) |
<.001 | −0.15 (−2.88, 2.58) |
<.001 | 1.17 (0.47, 2.95) |
0.09 |
| Present Hedonistic | 3.24 (−63.39, 69.87) |
<.001 | 46.09* (4.83, 87.35) |
.029 | −1.66 (−4.97, 1.65) |
.005 | 0.55 (−2.22, 3.32) |
<.001 | 0.71 (0.30, 1.72) |
−0.19 |
| Present Fatalistic | 9.91 (−45.57, 65.38) |
.001 | −9.95 (−44.31, 24.40) |
.002 | 2.20 (−0.55, 4.95) |
.014 | 2.71* (0.41, 5.02) |
.026 | 1.59 (0.74, 3.44) |
0.25 |
Regression coefficient with 95% confidence limits for the continuous outcomes (alcohol consumed per drinking day, days well-functioning, ADS, and DPS) and Odds Ratio with 95% confidence interval for the binary outcome (initial drinking status). Regression coefficients are partial regression coefficients adjusted for all demographic and the other BE and TP variables; demographic variables (age, gender, education, race/ethnicity [white vs. other], income) were included in all models but not reported in the table (refer to the text for findings);
p < .05,
p <.01,
p < .001.
Days well-functioning = abstinent days plus drinking days < 4 drinks for women and < 5 drinks for men.
Higher Alcohol Dependence Scale (ADS) scores (0 – 47) indicate greater alcohol dependence levels.
Higher Drinking Problems Scale (DPS) scores (0 – 40) indicate greater alcohol-related problems.
ES = Effect size; R2 = squared semi-partial correlations; d = ln(OR)/1.82 [73].
ASDE = Alcohol-Savings Discretionary Expenditure index. Values could range from 1.0 to − 1.0 (1.0 = all DE for alcoholic beverages; − 1.0 = all DE were for saving money; 0 = equal proportions of DE for alcohol and savings).
Individual income was natural log transformed for the analyses.