Figure 1.

The cerebellum provides a feedforward sensory prediction to prefrontal areas. A comparison of this prediction with the actual consequences of an action, that is, a discrepancy between expected and actual consequences, creates an error signal that modifies subsequent predictions, thus allowing the cerebellum to achieve performance monitoring functions. In this manner, the cerebellum contributes to higher cognitive functions such as conflict processing, response inhibition, feedback processing, and articulatory monitoring during working memory.