Table 2.
Healthcare utilization and mortality outcomes by race/ethnicitya,b
| White | Black | Hispanic | Other | Total |
P value W v B |
P value W v H |
P value B v H |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| THC, $ | ||||||||
| Mean | 38,965.68 | 33,358.73 | 42,386.95 | 42,032.85 | 37,978.69 | <0.01 | 0.09 | <0.01 |
| Median | 23,399.00 | 20,585.54 | 25,530.00 | 24,094.00 | 23,020.00 | |||
| (IQR) | (41,903–13,915) | (37,782–11,944) | (43,287–15,110) | (44,952–13,444) | (40,607–13,501) | |||
| LOS, d | ||||||||
| Mean | 6.5 | 5.4 | 5.9 | 6.9 | 6.3 | <0.01 | 0.01 | 0.04 |
| Median | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | |||
| (IQR) | (8–3) | (7–2) | (7–2) | (8–3) | (8–3) | |||
| NPR | ||||||||
| Mean | 1.3 | 1.1 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 1.3 | <0.01 | 0.21 | 0.16 |
| Median | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| (IQR) | (2–0) | (1–0) | (2–0) | (2–0) | (2–0) | |||
| Nasogastric tube (%) | 26 (0.3) | 3 (0.3) | 5 (0.5) | 2 (0.4) | 43 (0.4) | 0.67 | 0.60 | 0.48 |
| Mechanical Ventilation (%) | 241 (3.4) | 34 (3.1) | 34 (3.1) | 24 (4.5) | 385 (3.4) | 0.54 | 0.62 | 0.93 |
| Hemodialysis (%) | 3 (<0.1) | 0 (0) | 1 (<0.1) | 1 (0.2) | 8 (<0.1) | -- | 0.53 | -- |
| Liver biopsy (%) | 241 (3.4) | 34 (3.2) | 27 (2.5) | 14 (3.1) | 355 (3.2) | 0.68 | 0.10 | 0.32 |
| Paracentesis (%) | 1259 (17.8) | 103 (9.2) | 154 (14.2) | 94 (17.2) | 1887 (16.6) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| EGD (%) | 1111 (15.9) | 153 (13.7) | 161 (14.8) | 86 (15.7) | 1784 (15.8) | 0.06 | 0.40 | 0.43 |
| Deaths (%) | 315 (4.5) | 25 (2.3) | 43 (3.9) | 29 (5.3) | 489 (4.3) | <0.001 | 0.38 | 0.03 |
Other race refers to subjects with Asian, Pacific islander, Native American, or another race
W white, B black, H hispanic, THC total hospital costs, LOS length of stay, NPR number of procedures, IQR interquartile range, EGD esophagogastroduodenoscopy
aTotal hospital costs for 2008, 2009, and 2010 are inflated to 2011 values
b% values are weighted to national population estimates
-- there were no black subjects with hemodialysis