Fig. 4.

Forest plot of incidence rate ratios (95% CI) of on-treatment AEs by renal function at baseline: post-hoc analysis of tiotropium trials [35]. Renal function classification using National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) criteria: normal ≥90 mL/min, mild ≥60 to <90 mL/min, moderate ≥30 to <60 mL/min, severe <30 mL/min creatinine. Incidence rate ratios could not be calculated for severe renal impairment due to low patient numbers. Where there were no events in the placebo or tiotropium group, incidence rate ratios could not be calculated (division by zero) or are equal to zero, respectively, and are not graphically displayed. AE, adverse event; CI, confidence interval; FAE, fatal adverse event; IRR, incidence rate ratio; SAE, serious adverse event; SOC, System Organ Class (Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities)