Table 3.

Characteristics of MDR Enterobacteriaceae isolated from surveillance or clinical samples of Italian LTCF residents or staff

Italian Province, year	Bacterial species	Resistance gene (number of isolates)	Clonal group (number of isolates)	References
ESBL or high-level AmpC producing Enterobacteriaceae
Pavia, 2003–04	E. coli	bla CTXM (61)		[21]
		bla SHV-5 (1)
		bla TEM (15)
Various provinces, 2006		bla CTXM (41)		[22]
		bla SHV-5 (1)
		bla SHV-2 (1)
		AmpC (3)
Lodi, 2009–10		bla CTXM (61)		[20]
		bla SHV-type (2)
Bolzano, 2012		bla CTXM-15 (45)	ST131 (50)	[14]
		bla CTXM-9 (4)
		bla SHV-5/12 (6)
		bla TEM-type (1)
Various provinces, 2006	K. pneumoniae	bla CTXM (6)		[22]
		bla TEM-151 (1)
Lodi, 2009–10		bla CTXM-15 (11)		[20]
Bolzano, 2012		bla SHV-12 (9)		[14]
		bla CTXM-15 (1)
Pavia, 2004–05	P. mirabilis	bla TEM-92 (23)		[25]
		bla CMY-16 (3)
Pavia, 2003–06		ESBL (197)		[24]
		bla CMY-16 (20)
Various provinces, 2006		bla TEM-92 (23)		[22]
		bla TEM-92 + bla CMY-16 (4)
		bla TEM-4 (9)
		bla TEM-24 (1)
Lodi, 2009–10		bla TEM-92 (10)		[20]
		bla CMY-16 (15)
Bolzano, 2012		bla TEM-92 (17)		[14]
		bla CMY-16 (1)
Various provinces, 2006	M. morganii	bla TEM-92 (14)		[22]
Bolzano, 2012		bla TEM-92 (10)		[14]
Various provinces, 2015	E. coli	Not reported	H30-ST131 (175)	[23]
Carbapenemase producing Enterobacteriaceae
Bolzano, 2008–12	E. coli	bla VIM-1 (14)	Typing of 3 E. coli: all ST131; 1 E. coli subtyped: H30-ST131	[13, 14, 29, 30, 32]
	K. pneumoniae	bla VIM-1 (5)
	Klebsiella oxytoca	bla VIM-1 (4)
	M. morganii	bla VIM-1 (1)
	P. mirabilis	bla VIM-1 (1)
	Providencia stuartii	bla VIM-1 (1)
Bologna, 2011	K. pneumoniae	bla NDM-1 (4)		[37]
Milan, 2011–13	E. coli	bla KPC-2 (9)	ST131 (8)	[33]
		bla KPC-3 (1)
		bla KPC-8 (1)
Cuneo, 2013	E. coli	bla VIM-1 (1)	H30- ST131 (1)	[32]
Valle d’Aosta, 2013–14	K. pneumoniae	bla KPC-2 (6)	ST1789 (6)	[36]
Various provinces, 2015	K. pneumoniae	bla KPC-3 (3)		[23]
	E. coli	bla VIM-1 (2)