Table 2.

A list of some of the known active ingredients contained in the topical products used for striae distensae and the evidence associated with these ingredients either directly associated with striae distensae or indirectly associated with another condition. References can be found in Supplementary Material

Name	Description	Direct association – Proposed action on striae distensae	Indirect association	Indirect association ‐Proposed action on conditions other than striae distensae	Evidence (Reference no.)
Almond oil	An oil expressed from bitter almonds, rich in vitamin D and E	Maintain skin elasticity and hydration	N/A	N/A	26
Centella Asiatica extract	A small herbaceous plant of the Mackinlayaceae family native to the wetlands in Asia	Prevents progression and appearance of SD, stimulates cell production and fibroblasts in SD.	Human fibroblast cells, human dermal fibroblasts	Stimulatory effect on extracellular matrix synthesis of collagen and fibronectin	3, 4, 5, 6
Chamomile	A European plant of the daisy family	N/A	Human skin	Reduction in skin itch and irritation	43
Cocoa butter	A fatty substance obtained from cocoa beans	Reduce hyperpigmentation and moisturizing effects although no significant effects on SD noted	N/A	N/A	28, 29
Coconut oil	A fatty oil obtained from the flesh of the coconut	N/A	Atopic dermatitis	Anti‐inflammatory properties, increase in skin capacitance in human, rats	13, 14
Collagen‐elastin hydrolysates	A combination of collagen and elastin by breaking down the molecular bonds	N/A	Biomaterials for tissue regeneration, rabbit skin	Promotes cell adhesion	8, 9
Crowberry	A fruit which contains mostly water and is a species of empetrum (an evergreen plant)	N/A	Anthocyanins in crowberry	Strong antioxidant properties	10
Darutoside	A botanical ingredient from the plant siegesbeckia orientalis	Proposed to improve skin elasticity and more regular alignment of collagen matrix	N/A	N/A	No studies found
Glycine soja	A plant in the legume family which contains significant amounts of amino acids and proteins	N/A	Porcine pancreatic elastase and human leucocyte elastase and human study comparing anti‐wrinkle cosmetics	Stimulates collagen production	23, 24
Hepapeptide‐7	A synthetic peptide consisting of arginine, asparagine, glycine, isoleucine and methionine	N/A	Menopausal skin	Promotes keratinocyte proliferation	31
Hyaluronic acid	A viscous fluid carbohydrate present in connective tissue and synovial fluid	N/A	Facial dermatitis	Hydration and anti‐inflammatory effects	35, 36
Licorice extract	Extracted from the root of the licorice plant	N/A	Human skin	Helps to reduce pigmentation although can cause leucoderma effects	32
Lupin seed extract	A genus of flowering plant in the legume family	N/A	Rats	No beneficial effects	2
Marine collagen	This is a fibrous protein extracted from the scales of saltwater fish	N/A	Human skin	Stimulates skin cells and improves extra‐cellular matrixand photo ageing	37, 38
Marine elastin	This is obtained by hydrolysed enzymatic from connective tissue of some fish species	N/A	Human skin	Improves elasticity and photo ageing effects	37, 38
Meadowfoam seed oil	An edible seed oil, extracted from the seeds of meadowfoam (Seeds contain 20–30% oil and contains over 98% long chain fatty acids)	N/A	Activated meadowfoam seed oil	Potential uses as a bioherbicide	30
NIA‐114™ molecule	A molecule which delivers Niacin (Vitamin B3) (a water‐soluble micronutrient) to skin cells	N/A	Actinic keratosis	Stimulates DNA repair, promotes release of leptin, stimulates a receptor to decrease hyperpigmentation	1
Olive oil	An oil obtained from olives	Rich in vitamin E and softens the skin, although clinical trials demonstrate no effect.	N/A	N/A	11, 12
Palm oil	An oil from the fruit of the West African oil palm	N/A	Human malignant melanoma	Suppresses melanoma cell proliferation	15
Registril	A combination of Phaseolus lunatus (green bean extract) and rutin (from fruits and berries)	Proposed to stimulate production of fibroblasts and collagen	N/A	N/A	No studies found
Resveratrol	A polyphenol compound found in certain plants and has antioxidant properties	N/A	Human keratinocytes and guinea pig skin	Inhibits keratinocyte proliferation	33, 34
Retinyl palmitate	An ester of retinol and palmitic acid and is considered to be a milder form of vitamin A	N/A	Skin ageing	Increases cell production and enhances skin metabolic rate	22
Shea butter	A fatty substance obtained from the nuts of a shea tree	N/A	Keloid fibroblasts	Reduces actively proliferating keloid fibroblasts	27
Siegesbeckia	A species of plant native to eastern Asia used in traditional medicine	N/A	Siegesbeckia pubescens and wound healing properties in mice	Increases rate of wound contraction and anti‐inflammatory agent	16, 17
Silicon dioxide	A chemical compound which is a dioxide of silicone (a hard, unreactive, colourless compound)	Hydration and oxygen transmission	Scars	Hydration and oxygen transmission	25
Tamanu oil	An oil which is pressed from nuts which yield 70–75% of inedible oil	N/A	Human skin – contact dermatitis	Anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties	39
Tocopherol acetate	An ester of acetic acid and tocopherol (vitamin E)	N/A	Human cadaveric skin	Contains antioxidant activity and non‐irritant to skin	7
Tretinoin	A preparation of retinoic acid	Increases collagen production	N/A	N/A	18, 19, 20, 21
Vitamin B5 (Panthenol)	Pantothenic acid is a water‐soluble vitamin from the B group of vitamins	N/A	Healthy human volunteers	Promotes cell growth and differentiation	41
Vitamin E	A group of lipid‐soluble 3 compounds that include tocopherols and tocotrienols	N/A	Nanofibrous mats	Antioxidant and skin barrier stabilizer	42
Wheat germ oil	This is extracted from the germ of the wheat kernel and is high in octacosanol	N/A	Human hyperkeratotic skin conditions	Anti‐inflammatory properties	40