Table 1.
Characteristics of the case and control groups
| Parameter | Malignancy | No malignancy | P value* |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age at index time (years) (mean ± SD) | 67.1 ± 9.7 | 67.1 ± 9.7 | - |
| < 65 years (n) | 62 (30.5 %) | 62 (30.5 %) | |
| ≥ 65 years (n) | 141 (69.5 %) | 141 (69.5 %) | |
| Gender | - | ||
| male (n) | 88 (43.3 %) | 88 (43.3 %) | |
| female (n) | 115 (56.7 %) | 115 (56.7 %) | |
| Place of residence | 0.264 | ||
| rural (n) | 38 (18.7 %) | 44 (21.7 %) | |
| cities <50,000 inhabitants (n) | 27 (13.3 %) | 36 (17.7 %) | |
| cities >50,000 inhabitants (n) | 138 (68.0 %) | 123 (60.6 %) | |
| Smoking habits | 0.838 | ||
| never smokers (n) | 115 (56.7 %) | 117 (57.6 %) | |
| former smokers (n) | 54 (26.6 %) | 57 (28.1 %) | |
| current smokers (n) | 33 (16.3 %) | 29 (14.3 %) | |
| unknown status (n) | 1 (0.5 %) | - | |
| BMI (kg/m2) (mean ± SD) | 30.8 ± 5.3 | 30.1 ± 4.7 | 0.103 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| cardiovascular disease (n) | 50 (24.6 %) | 58 (28.6 %) | 0.369 |
| hypertension (n) | 177 (87.2 %) | 179 (88.2 %) | 0.763 |
| hyperlipidemia (n) | 153 (75.4 %) | 159 (78.3 %) | 0.480 |
| Diabetes duration (years) (mean ± SD) | 10.7 ± 7.4 | 10.3 ± 8.1 | 0.262 |
| HbA1c (%) (mean ± SD) | 7.39 ± 1.21 % | 7.30 ± 1.06 % | 0.755 |
| Antidiabetic medications | |||
| metformin (n) | 126 (62.1 %) | 167 (82.3 %) | <0.001 |
| sulfonylurea (n) | 83 (40.9 %) | 101 (49.8 %) | 0.090 |
| acarbose (n) | 18 (8.9 %) | 14 (6.9 %) | 0.581 |
| DPP-4 inhibitor (n) | 11 (5.4 %) | 6 (3.0 %) | 0.322 |
| insulin (n) | 110 (54.2 %) | 81 (39.9 %) | 0.005 |
| insulin dose (IU/kg/24 h) (mean ± SD) | 0.59 ± 0.31 | 0.53 ± 0.24 | 0.407 |
| insulin duration (years) (mean ± SD) | 6.2 ± 5.6 | 6.5 ± 4.9 | 0.529 |
| Aspirin use (n) | 102 (52.6 %) | 102 (52.8 %) | 0.957 |
| unknown status | 9 | 10 | |
NS non significant
* between malignancy and non-malignancy groups