Fig. 3.

Prevalence rates and adjusted odds ratios (OR) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) for infection with any intestinal parasite, soil-transmitted helminth, hookworm, Trichuris trichiura and self-reported diarrhoea, skin problems and eye problems in a cross-sectional survey in the Than Tri district, Hanoi, between April and June 2014. Data for (i)“Com _peri-urban” = people living in the peri-urban commune Duyen Ha 5 km away from the city along the Red River; (ii) “Com _urban” = people living in the urban area of Hanoi, in Bang B village or Tam Hiep commune along the To Lich River and potential exposed to wastewater; (iii) “Farmer _peri-urban” = peri-urban farmers living in Duyen Ha commune using the irrigation water from Red River, wells or local drains, which are not contaminated with the city’s wastewater; (iv) “Farmer _urban” = urban farmers living in Bang B village or Tam Hiep commune reusing wastewater from To Lich River; and (v) “Worker _HSDC” = workers from Hanoi Sewerage and Drainage Company (HSDC) maintaining drainage channels and operating the Yen So treatment plants