Table 3.
Risk factors related to the occupation of workers and farmers enrolled in the cross-sectional survey in the Than Tri district, Hanoi, between April and June 2014
| Risk factors related to occupation/Exposure groupsa | Farmer peri-urban | Farmer urban | Worker HSDC | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 129 | N = 153 | N = 128 | ||||
| n | % | n | % | n | % | |
| Employed | 13 | 10.1 | 13 | 8.5 | 128 | 100 |
| Retired | 11 | 8.5 | 16 | 10.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Duration worked in the current job (mean ± SD) | 30.3 ± 12.9 | 36.9 ± 13.5 | 15.3 ± 9.1 | |||
| Days worked per week (mean ± SD) | 6.5 ± 1.2 | 5.5 ± 2.1 | 6.2 ± 0.6 | |||
| Hours worked per week (mean ± SD) | 39.8 ± 17.3 | 35.9 ± 23.2 | 50.0 ± 4.0 | |||
| Possession of personal protective equipment | ||||||
| Gloves | 106 | 82.2 | 113 | 73.9 | 117 | 91.4 |
| Boots | 107 | 82.9 | 131 | 85.6 | 110 | 85.9 |
| Uniform/cotton overall | 28 | 21.7 | 11 | 7.2 | 120 | 93.8 |
| Rain coat with boots | 29 | 22.5 | 48 | 31.4 | 120 | 93.8 |
| Rain coat without boots | 36 | 27.9 | 58 | 37.9 | 84 | 65.6 |
| Long sleeves | 97 | 75.2 | 137 | 89.5 | 48 | 37.5 |
| Helmet | 3 | 2.3 | 1 | 0.7 | 117 | 91.4 |
| Soft hat (baseball cap) | 24 | 18.6 | 37 | 24.2 | 7 | 5.5 |
| Vietnamese hat | 111 | 86.0 | 141 | 92.2 | 4 | 3.1 |
| Face mask | 110 | 85.3 | 105 | 68.6 | 121 | 94.5 |
| Application of... | ||||||
| Pesticides | 113 | 87.6 | 117 | 76.5 | nab | |
| Fertilizer | 122 | 94.6 | 146 | 95.4 | na | |
aExposure groups: Farmer peri-urban: peri-urban farmers living in Duyen Ha commune using the irrigation water from Red River, wells or local drains, which are not contaminated with the city’s wastewater; Farmer urban: urban farmers living in Bang B village or Tam Hiep commune reusing wastewater from To Lich River; and Worker HSDC: workers from Hanoi Sewerage and Drainage Company (HSDC) maintaining drainage channels and operating the Yen So treatment plants
bna, not applicable for sanitation workers