Fig. 1.

NDV induces a selective cell death in glioma cells and glioma stem cells. The glioma cell lines, U87 and A172 or human astrocytes were infected with different titers of NDV and cell death was determined using LDH release into the culture supernatants after 48 h (a). The morphology of U87 cells and human astrocytes was analyzed following NDV infection (2 MOI) using phase contrast microscopy (b). Cell death was also analyzed in two GSC cultures and human NSCs using LDH assay (c) and in the HF2355 cells using Western blot analysis of cleaved PARP expression (d). Infection with NDV induced disaggregation of the GSC spheroids (e). The self-renewal of the infected GSCs was determined after 14 days of infection (1 MOI) (f). The results are presented as means ± SE and represent three different experiments (a, c). ^* p < 0.001 (control vs. infected cells). One representative of three similar experiments is presented (b, d-f). MOI multiplicity of infection, NDV Newcastle disease virus, NSC neural stem cell