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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Oct 11.
Published in final edited form as: J Rare Dis Res Treat. 2016;1(1):43–45.

Figure 1. Schematic of proposed combined Activin and TGFb signaling.

Figure 1

Dominant signaling through the canonical pathways favors increased p21 resulting in decreased cell growth. However, dominant signaling through the non-canonical pathways leads to a decrease in p21 and parallel unopposed stimulation of prometastatic epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), migration and invasion11.