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. 2016 Oct;42(4):313–324. doi: 10.1037/xan0000116

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© 2016 The Author(s)

This article has been published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Copyright for this article is retained by the author(s). Author(s) grant(s) the American Psychological Association the exclusive right to publish the article and identify itself as the original publisher.

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Experiment 1. Relationships between: A = sign- versus goal-tracking bias on Blocks 5 and 6 for the left lever; B = sign- versus goal-tracking bias on Blocks 5 and 6 for the right lever; C = sign- versus goal-tracking bias for the left versus right lever on Block 5; D = sign- versus goal-tracking bias for the left versus right lever on Block 6. A sign-tracking bias is evident as a negative value and a goal-training bias as a positive value; and the left and right levers were paired separately with food pellets or sucrose in a counterbalanced manner.