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. 2016 Oct;42(4):313–324. doi: 10.1037/xan0000116

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© 2016 The Author(s)

This article has been published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Copyright for this article is retained by the author(s). Author(s) grant(s) the American Psychological Association the exclusive right to publish the article and identify itself as the original publisher.

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Experiment 2. Mean (±SEM) lever press responses (upper panels) and food well entries per trial (lower panels), across two-session blocks, for groups classified as sign-trackers (left panels) and goal-trackers (right panels). The scores within each panel are separated for the lever paired with sucrose (e.g., left lever) and the lever that was not paired with sucrose (e.g., right lever). Left and right levers were assigned to be reinforced and nonreinforced levers in a counterbalanced fashion.