Fig 1.

The effects of β-escin on quiescent and TNF-α-treated vascular endothelial cells: viability (Panel A), proliferation (Panel B), migration (Panel C) and permeability (Panel D) of HUVEC presented as a percentage of fluorescence (Panels A, C and D) or absorbance readouts (Panel B) in the control, untreated cells. Abbreviations: C -untreated cells; TNF—TNF-α-treated cells; E—β-escin-treated cells. Results are expressed as mean ±SEM of three experiments with cells obtained from at least three donors. Data were analyzed by one-way analyses of variance (ANOVA) followed by the post hoc Tukey multiple range test. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001