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Schematic representation of ventriculo-arterial coupling on the pressure-volume diagram. The shaded area represents the stroke work (SW) and the triangular area the end-systolic potential energy (PE). Maximum SW for a given end-diastolic volume can be obtained when the slope of the end-systolic pressure-volume relation (Ees) is assumed to be equal to that of arterial elastance (Ea) [Reprinted with permission (6)].
