Table 1. Clinicopathological characteristics of GGO-predominant tumor and solid predominant tumor.
| Variables | GGO-predominant (n=129) | Solid-predominant (n=229) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NoMLE (n=28) | MLS (n=19) | MLND (n=82) | P value* | NoMLE (n=28) | MLS (n=39) | MLND (n=162) | P value# | ||
| Age, mean ± SD (years) | 57.8±9.3 | 62.0±9.1 | 60.5±8.2 | 0.207 | 63.0±8.8 | 65.2±8.2 | 63.8±9.8 | 0.613 | |
| Sex (%) | 0.005 | 0.156 | |||||||
| Female | 10 (35.7) | 7 (36.8) | 54 (65.9) | 10 (35.7) | 13 (33.3) | 78 (48.1) | |||
| Male | 18 (64.3) | 12 (63.2) | 28 (34.1) | 18 (64.3) | 26 (66.7) | 84 (51.9) | |||
| Smoker (current or former) (%) | 12 (42.9) | 4 (21.1) | 21 (25.6) | 0.160 | 13 (46.4) | 18 (46.2) | 62 (38.3) | 0.533 | |
| Tumor location (%) | 0.415 | 0.960 | |||||||
| Central | 0 | 0 | 3 (3.7) | 4 (14.3) | 5 (12.8) | 20 (12.3) | |||
| Peripheral | 28 (100.0) | 19 (100.0) | 79 (96.3) | 24 (85.7) | 34 (87.2) | 142 (87.7) | |||
| Serum CEA, mean ± SD (ng/mL) | 1.7±0.8 | 2.2±1.5 | 1.6±1.7 | 0.380 | 5.5±14.7 | 3.0±2.7 | 2.8±4.0 | 0.202 | |
| SUVmax, mean ± SD | 1.3±0.9 | 1.4±1.4 | 1.5±1.1 | 0.799 | 4.9±4.2 | 5.9±3.7 | 5.2±3.7 | 0.564 | |
| Tumor size, mean ± SD (cm) | 1.5±0.6 | 1.7±0.5 | 1.7±0.6 | 0.091 | 2.1±0.6 | 2.1±0.5 | 2.1±0.6 | 0.774 | |
| Histology (%) | 0.663 | ||||||||
| Adenoca | 28 (100.0) | 19 (100.0) | 82 (100.0) | 23 (82.1) | 31 (79.5) | 138 (85.2) | |||
| SqCC | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 (17.9) | 8 (20.5) | 24 (14.8) | |||
| Differentiation (%) | 0.188 | 0.822 | |||||||
| Well | 21 (75.0) | 18 (94.7) | 70 (85.4) | 8 (28.6) | 13 (33.3) | 49 (30.4) | |||
| Moderate | 6 (21.4) | 1 (5.3) | 12 (14.6) | 18 (64.3) | 20 (51.3) | 92 (57.1) | |||
| Poor | 1 (3.6) | 0 | 0 | 2 (7.1) | 6 (15.4) | 20 (12.4) | |||
| Number of dissected lymph nodes, mean ± SD | 4.3±2.7 | 6.1±3.2 | 13.9±6.6 | <0.001 | 3.7±2.9 | 8.5±5.0 | 16.2±8.1 | <0.001 | |
| Clinical stage (%) | 0.363 | 0.937 | |||||||
| T1aN0M0 | 25 (89.3) | 17 (89.5) | 61 (74.4) | 14 (50.0) | 18 (46.2) | 73 (45.1) | |||
| T1bN0M0 | 3 (10.7) | 2 (10.5) | 20 (24.4) | 7 (25.0) | 13 (33.3) | 48 (29.6) | |||
| T2aN0M0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (1.2) | 7 (25.0) | 8 (20.5) | 41 (25.3) | |||
| Pathologic stage (%) | 0.203 | 0.901 | |||||||
| TisN0M0 | 5 (17.9) | 1 (5.3) | 2 (2.4) | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| T1aN0M0 | 17 (60.7) | 13 (68.4) | 55 (67.1) | 11 (39.3) | 16 (41.0) | 59 (36.4) | |||
| T1bN0M0 | 4 (14.3) | 5 (26.3) | 19 (23.2) | 10 (35.7) | 13 (33.3) | 56 (34.6) | |||
| T2aN0M0 | 2 (7.1) | 0 | 5 (6.1) | 5 (17.9) | 4 (10.3) | 28 (17.3) | |||
| > stage IIA | 0 | 0 | 1 (1.2) | 2 (7.1) | 6 (15.4) | 19 (11.7) | |||
| Nodal upstaging (%) | 0 | 0 | 1 (1.2) | 0.749 | 2 (7.1) | 5 (12.8) | 18 (11.1) | 0.160 | |
| Pleural invasion (%) | 0.516 | 0.348 | |||||||
| Visceral | 2 (7.1) | 0 | 5 (6.1) | 5 (17.9) | 4 (10.3) | 36 (22.4) | |||
| Parietal | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (2.6) | 1 (0.6) | |||
| Lymphatic invasion (%) | 1 (3.6) | 1 (5.3) | 11 (13.4) | 0.246 | 9 (32.1) | 13 (33.3) | 54 (33.5) | 0.990 | |
| Vascular invasion (%) | 0 | 1 (5.3) | 3 (3.7) | 0.528 | 2 (7.1) | 4 (10.3) | 18 (11.2) | 0.812 | |
| Complications (%) | 2 (7.1) | 3 (15.8) | 8 (9.8) | 0.619 | 7 (25.0) | 5 (12.8) | 21 (13.0) | 0.234 | |
| Postoperative mortality (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.6) | 0.812 | ||
| Adjuvant therapy (%) | 0 | 1 (5.3) | 2 (2.4) | 0.498 | 5 (17.9) | 7 (17.9) | 16 (9.9) | 0.240 | |
*, comparison among GGO-predominant groups; #, comparison among solid-predominant groups. GGO, ground glass opacity; NoMLE, no mediastinal lymph node evaluation; MLS, mediastinal lymph node sampling; MLND, mediastinal lymph node dissection; SD, standard deviation; CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen; SUVmax, maximum standardized uptake value; Adenoca, adenocarcinoma; SqCC, squamous cell carcinoma.