. 2016 May 19;78(9):1405–1411. doi: 10.1292/jvms.16-0124

Table 5. Inhibitory effects of the pre-treatment of the MDCK cells with crude hibiscus and rosehip extracts and frHibis.

Cell treatment with^a)	Infectivity (Log₁₀ TCID₅₀/ml)^b)

	Treated cells	Non-treated cells	(Log₁₀ reduction)^c)
Crude extract
Hibiscus tea	≤1.5	6.7	(≥5.2)^d)
Rosehip tea	5.2	6.7	(1.5)
FrHibis	4.5	6.5	(2.0)

a) MDCK cells were pretreated with the crude extracts or frHibis for 1 hr and then inoculated with the virus. b) The virus titers were measured at 5 dpi.c) Log₁₀ reduction in titers was calculated as indicated in the legend of Table 1. d) See the description of d) in the legend of Table 1.