Table 1.
Characteristics and proportion of late presentation of HIV infection among newly diagnosed positives by three types of HIV testing strategies between 2008 and 2013 in Guangzhou, China.
| Variable | Total (N = 2653) | VCT (N = 1275) | PITC (N = 832) | MHT (N = 546) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | |||||
| Year | |||||
| 2008 | 313 (11.8) | 156 (12.2) | 101 (12.1) | 56 (10.3) | <0.001 |
| 2009 | 244 (9.2) | 79 (6.2) | 75 (9.0) | 90 (16.5) | |
| 2010 | 381 (14.4) | 95 (7.5) | 194 (23.3) | 92 (16.8) | |
| 2011 | 474 (17.8) | 206 (16.1) | 160 (19.2) | 108 (19.8) | |
| 2012 | 689 (26.0) | 382 (30.0) | 179 (21.5) | 128 (23.4) | |
| 2013 | 552 (20.8) | 357 (28.0) | 123 (14.9) | 72 (13.2) | |
| Age (years) | |||||
| <20 | 75 (2.8) | 41 (3.2) | 28 (3.4) | 6 (1.1) | <0.001 |
| 20~ | 860 (32.4) | 535 (42.0) | 175 (21.0) | 150 (27.5) | |
| 30~ | 981 (37.0) | 438 (34.4) | 279 (33.5) | 264 (48.4) | |
| 40~ | 490 (18.5) | 180 (14.1) | 207 (24.9) | 103 (18.9) | |
| ≥50 | 247 (9.3) | 81 (6.4) | 143 (17.2) | 23 (4.2) | |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 2264 (85.3) | 1131 (88.7) | 612 (73.6) | 521 (95.4) | <0.001 |
| Female | 389 (14.7) | 144 (11.3) | 220 (26.4) | 25 (4.6) | |
| Marital status | |||||
| Single | 1355 (51.1) | 750 (58.8) | 228 (27.4) | 377 (69.0) | <0.001 |
| Married | 1015 (38.4) | 396 (31.1) | 501 (60.2) | 118 (21.6) | |
| Divorced or widowed | 244 (9.2) | 117 (9.2) | 91 (10.9) | 36 (6.6) | |
| Unknown | 39 (1.5) | 12 (0.9) | 12 (1.4) | 15 (2.7) | |
| Educational attainment | |||||
| Primary school/lower | 526 (19.8) | 113 (8.9) | 165 (19.8) | 248 (45.4) | <0.001 |
| Secondary school | 1534 (57.8) | 677 (53.1) | 562 (67.5) | 295 (54.0) | |
| College/above | 593 (22.4) | 485 (38.0) | 105 (12.6) | 3 (0.5) | |
| Route of HIV infection | |||||
| Male-to-male sexual contact | 917 (34.6) | 837 (65.6) | 77 (9.3) | 3 (0.5) | <0.001 |
| Injecting drug use | 654 (24.7) | 85 (6.7) | 99 (11.9) | 470 (86.1) | |
| Heterosexual contact | 967 (36.4) | 326 (25.6) | 581 (69.8) | 60 (11.0) | |
| Others | 115 (4.3) | 27 (2.1) | 75 (9.0) | 13 (2.4) | |
| Place of living | |||||
| Urban | 1384 (52.2) | 827 (64.9) | 316 (38.0) | 241 (44.1) | <0.001 |
| Rural | 480 (18.1) | 205 (17.1) | 133 (4.4) | 133 (24.2) | |
| Outside of Guangzhou | 789 (29.7) | 374 (45.0) | 172 (31.5) | 172 (31.5) | |
| Late presentation | |||||
| Yes | 1412 (53.2) | 659 (51.7) | 590 (70.9) | 206 (37.7) | <0.001 |
| No | 1241 (46.8) | 616 (48.3) | 242 (29.1) | 340 (62.3) | |
| Presentation with advanced HIV disease | |||||
| Yes | 724 (27.3) | 254 (19.9) | 416 (50.0) | 54 (9.9) | <0.001 |
| No | 1929 (72.7) | 1021 (80.1) | 416 (50.0) | 492 (90.1) | |
VCT: HIV voluntary counseling and testing; PITC: provider-initiated testing and counseling; MHT: mandatory HIV testing.