Figure 3.

Summary of pharmacological effects of NOB on different systems. NOB may exhibit neuroprotective activity in attenuation of learning and memory impairment, amelioration of I/R injury, and decrease of dopaminergic neuron generation. In the cardiovascular system, NOB ameliorates metabolic syndrome, promotes locomotor activity, and inhibits platelet aggregation. In addition, NOB may rescue insulin resistance, restore lipid metabolic disorder, and downregulate inflammatory stress and oxidative stress in digestive system. The activities of antiangiogenesis and antimetastasis of NOB have been demonstrated in urinary, reproductive, and respiratory systems. NOB inhibits osteoclastogenesis and subsequently attenuates bone resorption, protecting skeleton homeostasis.