Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2016 Oct 12;6:35087. doi: 10.1038/srep35087

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

Copyright © 2016, The Author(s)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

PMC Copyright notice

(a) Low-energy photoemission spectrum of La:SrTiO₃ for a pump fluence of 30 mJcm⁻². The photoemission intensity is normalized to the total number of photoelectrons. (b) Evolution of selected Ti 1 s core-level photoemission spectra of La:SrTiO₃ as a function of pump-probe delay at a pump fluence of 30 mJcm⁻² (hν ≈ 8 keV). The vertical line marks the peak position for a blocked pump beam (E₀ = 3026.31 eV). The maximum pump laser-induced shift towards higher kinetic energies is observed at time zero when pump and probe pulses overlap in time. (c) Spectral shift of the Ti 1 s emission as a function of pump-probe delay. The open circles are experimental data; the lines are from an analytical model considering different fractions of stationary photoholes p inside the sample. Gray shadings represent the error bars of the calculation assuming a charge fraction of p = 0.9. (d) Measured Gaussian width of the Ti 1 s emission as a function of pump-probe delay. The dashed horizontal line marks the peak width for a blocked pump beam. (e) Photohole recombination dynamics inside the sample extracted from the mean-field calculations (p = 0.9 photoholes per pump electron included). The photohole population () as well as the related electrostatic potential are assumed to decay bi-exponentially as a function of time with time constants τ₁ = 150 ps and τ₂ = 5 ns.

Inline graphic — (a) Low-energy photoemission spectrum of La:SrTiO₃ for a pump fluence of 30 mJcm⁻². The photoemission intensity is normalized to the total number of photoelectrons. (b) Evolution of selected Ti 1 s core-level photoemission spectra of La:SrTiO₃ as a function of pump-probe delay at a pump fluence of 30 mJcm⁻² (hν ≈ 8 keV). The vertical line marks the peak position for a blocked pump beam (E₀ = 3026.31 eV). The maximum pump laser-induced shift towards higher kinetic energies is observed at time zero when pump and probe pulses overlap in time. (c) Spectral shift of the Ti 1 s emission as a function of pump-probe delay. The open circles are experimental data; the lines are from an analytical model considering different fractions of stationary photoholes p inside the sample. Gray shadings represent the error bars of the calculation assuming a charge fraction of p = 0.9. (d) Measured Gaussian width of the Ti 1 s emission as a function of pump-probe delay. The dashed horizontal line marks the peak width for a blocked pump beam. (e) Photohole recombination dynamics inside the sample extracted from the mean-field calculations (p = 0.9 photoholes per pump electron included). The photohole population () as well as the related electrostatic potential are assumed to decay bi-exponentially as a function of time with time constants τ₁ = 150 ps and τ₂ = 5 ns.