Table 2. Association of urinary IL-6, CCL2, IL-8 and serum C-reactive protein levels with radiographic progression at 3 years.
| Inflammatory marker | N | Radiographic progression |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Progression no. (%) | Odds ratio (95% confidence interval) |
|||
| Model 1* | Model 2† | |||
| Interleukin-6 | ||||
| tertile 1 | 56 | 33 (58.9) | 1 | 1 |
| tertile 2 | 60 | 37 (61.7) | 1.1 (0.5–2.4) | 1.7 (0.7–4.2) |
| tertile 3 | 57 | 46 (80.7) | 2.9 (1.3–6.8) | 2.6 (1.0–6.9) |
| Interleukin-8 | ||||
| tertile 1 | 57 | 38 (66.7) | 1 | 1 |
| tertile 2 | 58 | 36 (62.1) | 0.8 (0.4–1.8) | 0.7 (0.3–1.8) |
| tertile 3 | 58 | 42 (72.4) | 1.3 (0.6–2.9) | 1.1 (0.4–2.7) |
| Chemokine ligand-2 | ||||
| tertile 1 | 55 | 35 (63.6) | 1 | 1 |
| tertile 2 | 59 | 40 (67.8) | 1.2 (0.5–2.6) | 1.2 (0.5–3.0) |
| tertile 3 | 59 | 41 (69.5) | 1.3 (0.6–2.8) | 1.1 (0.8–1.7) |
| C-reactive protein | ||||
| tertile 1 | 56 | 32 (57.1) | 1 | 1 |
| tertile 2 | 55 | 35 (63.6) | 1.3 (0.6–2.8) | 1.1 (0.5–2.7) |
| tertile 3 | 62 | 49 (79.0) | 2.8 (1.3–6.4) | 3.1 (1.1–8.3) |
*Model 1 was adjusted for age, sex, smoking status, disease duration, and the presence of anti-cyclic citrullinated antibody (ACPA) positivity.
†Model 2 was adjusted for the variables listed in Model 1 plus disease activity score in 28 joints, use of methotrexate, and use of anti-TNF-α. The positive cut-off value for ACPA was >5 U/mL.