Figure 1. Schematic depiction of the ion channel bioprotonic device.

(Left) A bioprotonic device with integrated Gramicidin (gA) supports the flow of H⁺ across the SLB upon application of a negative voltage (−V) to the Pd contact. When H⁺ reach the surface of the Pd contact, they are reduced to H by an incoming electron and diffuse into Pd to form a hydride (PdH_x). A reduction current at the Pd contact is measured as current density (−i_H+). (Right) In a bioprotonic device with integrated Alamethicin (ALM), applying a negative or positive voltage (V) above a threshold value at the Pd contact opens the gate and allows H⁺ flow across the SLB, turning the device ON. At V=0 mV, no H⁺ flows across ALM and the device switches OFF.