Overexpression of DPa Affects Root Development in mms21-1.
(A) The relative expression levels of E2Fa target genes in the roots of 4-d-old seedlings were analyzed by real-time PCR. The expression level in the wild type was set to 1. The data are means ± sd from triplicate experiments. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, Student’s t test.
(B) The phenotypes of mms21-1 and mms21-1×35S:DPa plants. The photograph was taken 15 d after germination. Statistical data of root length shown in the right panel are means ± sd from at least 30 seedlings in three biological independent experiments. **P < 0.01, Student’s t test. Bar = 1 cm.
(C) Representative root apical meristems from wild-type, 35S:DPa, mms21-1, and mms21-1×35S:DPa plants. Roots from 5-d-old seedlings were stained with PI. The meristem region is indicated by arrowheads; quiescent center is indicated by the lower arrowhead. Bar = 100 µm.
(D) The relative expression levels of E2Fa target genes in the protoplasts of mms21-1 and mms21-1×35S:DPa with or without RNA interference for E2Fa. The protoplasts were collected 60 h after transformation and used for RNA extraction for real time PCR. The expression level in mms21-1 with empty vector was set to 1. The data are means ± sd from three experiments. *P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, Student’s t test.