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. 2016 Sep 29;7(9):e2386. doi: 10.1038/cddis.2016.277

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Copyright © 2016 The Author(s)

Cell Death and Disease is an open-access journal published by Nature Publishing Group. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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WFA treatment inhibits IF dynamics. (a–f) Treatment of cultured retinal astrocytes with 2.0 μm WFA resulted in reduced staining for GFAP (a and d), and vimentin (vim; b and e), compared with control treated cells after 8 h. At higher magnifications (insets), filamentous staining for GFAP and vimentin was disrupted, resulting in formation of IF aggregates (arrows). In comparison, filamentous actin remained unaffected (c and f). (n=3, scale bars indicate 100 μm. Identical exposures were used for all treatments). (g–l) WFA treatment in vivo similarly disrupts GFAP and vimentin in retinal flatmounts, but not S100A. (n=3, scale bars indicate 100 μm. Identical exposures were used for all treatments)