Table 2.
Competencies for health as specified in the literature on health literacy and other patient‐centred concepts
| Dimension and competence | Concept | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Health literacy | Self‐management | (Patient) empowerment | Patient education | Shared decision‐making | Selected references | |
| A Information and knowledge | ||||||
| AA Access to information about health | X | X | X | 16, 55, 56, 57, 58 | ||
| AB Seeking health information | X | X | X | X | 16, 35, 38, 39, 47, 57, 59, 60, 61, 62 | |
| AC Ability to understand health information | X | X | X | 16, 48, 56, 63 | ||
| AE Ability to apply health information | X | 16, 59 | ||||
| AF Knowledge about condition and treatment | X | X | X | X | X | 47, 48, 55, 57, 59, 62, 64 |
| AG Scientific literacy | X | 59, 65 | ||||
| B General cognitive skills | ||||||
| BA General life skills | X | X | 56, 57, 63, 65, 66 | |||
| BB Problem solving | X | X | X | 54, 61, 62, 63 | ||
| BC Taking action | X | X | 61, 63 | |||
| BD Ability to understand and give consent | X | X | 16, 55, 57 | |||
| BE Ability to understand risk | X | X | 56, 57, 67 | |||
| BF Critical decision‐making | X | X | X | X | X | 35, 38, 39, 48, 56, 58, 59, 63, 64, 67, 68, 69 |
| C Social roles | ||||||
| CA Address social determinants of health | X | X | 16, 56, 58, 59, 65 | |||
| CB Consumer competencies | X | X | 59, 68 | |||
| CC Adapt to work | X | X | 60, 62 | |||
| CD Manage relations with significant others | X | X | X | 47, 54, 55, 60, 62 | ||
| D Medical management | ||||||
| DA First aid | X | 59 | ||||
| DB Recognize and act on symptoms | X | 47, 60 | ||||
| DC Navigate health care systems | X | X | 59, 68 | |||
| DD Use medications correctly/adherence | X | X | X | 25, 47, 55, 60 | ||
| DE Effective interaction with healthcare providers | X | X | X | X | X | 16, 37, 47, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 66, 67, 68, 69 |
| DF Healthcare utilization | X | 47, 61 | ||||
| DF Informal care | X | X | 59, 68 | |||
| E Healthy lifestyle | ||||||
| Overall | X | X | 47, 59, 60 | |||
| EA Nutrition and diet | X | 47, 60 | ||||
| EB Exercise | X | 47, 60, 61 | ||||
| EC Non‐smoking | X | 47, 60 | ||||
| F/G Motivational skills | ||||||
| FA Manage psychological consequences | X | X | X | 47, 48, 60, 61, 62 | ||
| GA Self‐efficacy | X | X | X | 47, 54, 56, 59, 61, 62 | ||
| GB Emotional intelligence | X | X | 70, 71 | |||
| H Attitudes and values | ||||||
| HA Identify personal preferences (values, needs, goals) | X | X | X | X | X | 36, 47, 48, 54, 59, 62, 64, 65, 67 |