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. 2015 Oct 30;60(3):289–334. doi: 10.1111/aas.12651

Table 3.

Risk factors, prevention and management of primary POI

Patients risk factors 333

  • Male

  • Cerebrovascular diseases

  • Respiratory diseases

  • Peripheral vascular diseases

Intraoperative strategies to accelerate the recovery of gastrointestinal function

  • Laparoscopic surgery5

  • Thoracic epidural analgesia241

  • Opioid‐sparing strategies332
    • 1
      ◦ Intravenous Lidocaine
    • 2
      ◦ NSAIDs/COX‐2
    • 3
      ◦ Ketamine

  • Avoid fluid excess and splanchnic hypoperfusion332

Postoperative strategies to accelerate the recovery of gastrointestinal function

  • Thoracic epidural analgesia241

  • Opioid‐sparing strategies332
    • 1
      ◦ NSAIDs/COX‐2
  • Opioid antagonists358
    • 1
      ◦ Alvimopam
    • 2
      ◦ Metiltrexone

  • Mobilization332

  • Laxative332

  • Gum‐chewing359

  • Administer IV fluids only if clinical indicated (surgical losses, inadequate hydration) (ref)

  • Early feeding332

  • Avoidance prophylactic and routine use of NGT

Treatment of primary POI
NGT insertion332