Table 1.

Numerical variables of the data set.

Coded name	Explanation	Unit
Spent	Total money spent during his/her stay in hospital in millions of Vietnamese Dong. According to official exchange rates at the time of survey, VND 1 million was equivalent to $47.2.	Million of VND
Dcost	Average daily cost the patient had to pay during the entire treatment period	Million of VND
Income	Annual income	Million of VND
Days	Number of days the patient spent in the hospital	Day
Pins; Pinc; Pchar; Ploan	Portions of finance from sources: insurance reimbursement, income, charity funds from civil organizations or employers, or borrowings	Percent
Streat, Srel, Senv	Percentage of funds used for the purpose of main treatments, for covering costs of relatives coming to help the patient, or paying “extra thank-you money” or bribing doctors/staff	Percent