Fig 7. GA-type II macrophages and IC-type II macrophages have different effects on naïve CD4⁺ T cells.

Macrophages were stimulated with IFN-γ (20 U/ml) overnight. IFN-γ was removed with warm media and the macrophages were then cultured with LPS (200 ng/ml) in the presence or absence of IC (10/macrophage) or GA (100 μg/ml). Four hours after macrophage activation, purified CD4⁺ 2D2 T cells and MOG_35-55 (25 μg/ml) were added to the macrophage cultures for 72 hours. (a-e) All cytokines were measured by ELISA. Shown are the means and SEM of triplicate wells from a representative experiment of 3–8 independent experiments. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, and ***p<0.001 by one-way ANOVA with Newman-Keuls’ post-test.