Table 6. Results of GLMM for predator-prey interactions between prey species (Eurasian red squirrels or mountain hares) and predator species (red foxes and Japanese martens).
| Season | Variables | Eurasian red squirrel | Mountain hare | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Estimate | SE | Z | P | Estimate | SE | Z | P | ||
| Winter | Intercept | -6.76 | 0.39 | -17.34 | *** | -4.62 | 0.16 | -28.74 | *** |
| Japanese marten | -4.25 | 69.36 | -0.06 | 0.95 | -6.76 | 74.12 | -0.09 | 0.93 | |
| Red fox | -5.26 | 69.34 | -0.08 | 0.94 | -7.68 | 74.06 | -0.10 | 0.92 | |
| Spring | Intercept | -4.77 | 0.17 | -28.71 | *** | -4.73 | 0.16 | -28.74 | *** |
| Japanese marten | -5.51 | 27.22 | -0.20 | 0.84 | 1.33 | 0.67 | 1.99 | * | |
| Red fox | 0.25 | 0.39 | 0.66 | 0.51 | -0.62 | 0.88 | -0.70 | 0.48 | |
| Summer | Intercept | -4.15 | 0.14 | -29.62 | *** | -5.09 | 0.19 | -27.30 | *** |
| Japanese marten | 0.96 | 0.59 | 1.61 | 0.11 | -5.90 | 27.19 | -0.22 | 0.83 | |
| Red fox | 0.21 | 0.45 | 0.47 | 0.64 | 0.18 | 0.65 | 0.27 | 0.79 | |
| Autumn | Intercept | -4.32 | 0.15 | -29.52 | *** | -4.63 | 0.16 | -28.76 | *** |
| Japanese marten | 1.97 | 0.46 | 4.25 | *** | -6.04 | 27.05 | -0.22 | 0.82 | |
| Red fox | 0.18 | 0.52 | 0.34 | 0.74 | -0.12 | 0.65 | -0.19 | 0.85 | |
The total number of prey species photographed was set as the response variable and the total number of predator species was set as the explanatory variables, using generalized linear mixed model with a Poisson distribution. Each camera site was included as a random intercept.
*** indicates P < 0.001.
* indicates P < 0.05.