Table 2.
FHD+ (mean±SD) |
FHD− (mean±SD) |
p values two-tailed FHD+ vs. FHD− |
|
---|---|---|---|
n | 29 | 21 | |
Age (in months) | 67.46 ± 5.19 | 64.95 ± 3.18 | 0.557 |
Gender | |||
Female | 12 | 10 | |
Male | 17 | 11 | |
Parent Education | 5.05 ± 0.97 | 5.38 ± 1.01 | 0.254 |
HLE score (composite) | 34.15 ± 8.86 | 36.88 ± 9.08 | 0.296 |
Behavioral Measures | |||
CTOPP | |||
Elision | 9.66 ± 1.97 | 10.81 ± 2.25 | 0.067 |
Blending | 10.66 ± 1.86 | 11.33 ± 1.65 | 0.181 |
Non-Word Repetition | 9.38 ± 1.84 | 9.90 ± 1.81 | 0.320 |
Phonetic Awareness | 10.16 ± 1.59 | 11.07 ± 1.71 | 0.061 |
RAN | |||
Objects | 94.00 ± 11.37 | 105.65 ± 10.78 | 0.0007*** |
Colors | 93.07 ± 13.81 | 105.52 ± 13.44 | 0.0023** |
CELF | |||
Core Language | 107.34 ± 12.38 | 114.95 ± 10.17 | 0.021* |
Receptive Language | 105.97 ± 11.34 | 112.90 ± 10.82 | 0.033* |
Expressive Language | 106.21 ± 13.71 | 115.00 ± 10.57 | 0.014* |
Language Structure | 106.55 ± 12.24 | 115.38 ± 9.85 | 0.007** |
Language Content | 103.00 ± 10.35 | 110.60 ± 12.61 | 0.129 |
VATT | |||
Inflection | 26.93 ± 5.59 | 28.55 ± 3.94 | 0.415 |
Repetition | 36.13 ± 3.68 | 39.33 ± 0.87 | 0.005** |
KBIT | |||
Verbal | 112.06 ± 8.76 | 117.10 ± 7.62 | 0.131 |
Non-verbal | 101.24 ± 11.75 | 104.52 ± 10.10 | 0.295 |
Word ID | 0.73 ± 2.19 | 0.5 ± 1.10 | 0.661 |
Note: CELF: Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals; CTOPP: Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing; KBIT: Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test; RAN: Rapid Automatized Naming; VATT: Verb Agreement and Tense Test.
p < 0.05;
p < 0.01;
p < 0.001; two-tailed t test; Standard scores are reported.