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HARV bioreactors in the experimental setup. The bacterial cells in the HARV bioreactor are grown under the simulated microgravity (SMG) condition with its axis of rotation perpendicular to gravity or grown under the NG condition with its axis of rotation vertical to gravity when the medium is filled and the bubbles are removed (A). Both SMG and NG HARV bioreactors are stained with 0.1% crystal violet after 2‐week cultivation (B).
