Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the subjects.
| NC (N = 27) | LLOD (N = 29) | LLODwoMCI (N = 15) | LLODMCI (N = 14) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DEMOGRAHPIC CHARACTERISTICS | ||||
| Age (years) | 68.70 ± 6.06 | 71.62 ± 5.08 | 71.40 ± 5.11 | 71.86 ± 5.23 |
| Gender (M/F) | 14/13 | 8/21 | 6/9 | 2/12* |
| Educational level (years) | 10.81 ± 4.52 | 8.69 ± 4.54 | 9.93 ± 4.94 | 7.36 ± 3.80* |
| APOE ε4 carrier/non-carrier | 5/22 | 3/26 | 0/15 | 3/11 |
| CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS | ||||
| Age at onset of first MDD (years) | – | 68.12 ± 4.49 | 67.27 ± 4.47 | 69.04 ± 4.50 |
| Duration since first MDD onset (years) | – | 3.50 ± 3.13 | 4.13 ± 3.44 | 2.82 ± 2.71 |
| GDS | 5.85 ± 3.96 | 12.00 ± 5.76** | 12.00 ± 5.96** | 12.00 ± 5.75** |
| HRSD | 1.22 ± 1.67 | 4.66 ± 3.95** | 4.61 ± 3.20* | 4.71 ± 4.75* |
| MADRS | 1.70 ± 2.05 | 6.79 ± 5.57** | 5.87 ± 2.97** | 8.14 ± 7.38* |
| Subtype of MCI (aMCI/naMCI) | – | – | – | 6/8 |
| VASCULAR RISKS EVALUATION | ||||
| VRS (%) | 19.75 (15.36) | 16.67 (14.77) | 17.78 (14.73) | 15.48 (15.28) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.85 ± 2.92 | 23.45 ± 3.16 | 23.34 ± 3.72 | 23.57 ± 2.57 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 118.81 ± 9.82 | 126.52 ± 13.23* | 127.60 ± 14.75* | 125.36 ± 11.82a |
| DBP (mmHg) | 79.56 ± 7.53 | 78.14 ± 8.56 | 78.73 ± 8.98 | 77.50 ± 8.37 |
| Use of antihypertensives, N (%) | 15 (55.6) | 13 (44.8) | 8 (53.3) | 5 (35.7) |
| SBP_under antihypertensivesb | 119.20 ± 10.47 | 128.23 ± 10.67* | 129.63 ± 13.21 | 126.00 ± 5.15 |
| DBP_under antihypertensivesb | 78.13 ± 8.50 | 77.31 ± 7.32 | 79.25 ± 7.17 | 74.20 ± 7.16 |
| Periventricular WMH | 0.96 ± 0.76 | 1.31 ± 0.60c | 1.27 ± 0.59 | 1.36 ± 0.63 |
| Deep WMH | 1.26 ± 0.45 | 1.31 ± 0.47 | 1.33 ± 0.49 | 1.29 ± 0.47 |
Data are presented as mean ± SD or numbers.
Significant difference compared to NC (p < 0.05).
Significant difference compared to NC (p < 0.001).
SBP of LLODMCI was higher than NC but did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.067).
Data are presented as mean ± SD among subjects who took antihypertensives.
Mean of periventricular WMH severity was higher in LLOD group compared to NC; but, it was not statistically significant (p = 0.062).
NC, Normal Controls; LLOD, Late-life Onset Depression; MCI, Mild Cognitive Impairment; LLODwoMCI, LLOD without MCI; LLODMCI, LLOD with MCI; APOE, Apolipoprotein E; MDD, Major Depressive Disorder; GDS, The Korean version of the Geriatric Depression Scale; HRSD, Hamilton Rating Scale of Depression; MADRS, Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale; aMCI, amnestic MCI; naMCI, non-amnestic MCI; VRS, Vascular Risk Factor Score; BMI, Body Mass Index; SBP, Systolic Blood Pressure; DBP, Diastolic Blood Pressure; WMH, White Matter Hyperintensity.