Table 1.

Demographic and linguistic profile of participants.

ID	Gender	Ethnicity	Age	Number lesioned voxels	MPOa	Level of education	Aphasia typeb	Aphasia quotientb
1	Female	Caucasian	57	18727	79	Some college	Global	40.8
2	Male	Caucasian	61	30570	91	Bachelor’s	Broca’sc	68.6
3	Female	African amer.	58	1583	48	Bachelor’s	Anomic	89.2
4	Female	Caucasian	47	14616	124	Bachelor’s	Broca’sc	48.9
5d	Female	Caucasian	60	12950	105	Some college	Conduction	74.0
6	Male	Caucasian	59	14009	73	Master’s	Anomic	68.9
7	Male	Caucasian	47	10989	69	High school	Wernicke’s	55.5
8	Male	Caucasian	71	14066	69	Master’s	Broca’sc	62.7
9	Female	Caucasian	63	17705	170	Bachelor’s	Conduction	71.2
10	Female	Caucasian	57	7849	16	High school	Wernicke’s	37.6
11	Female	Caucasian	39	18807	44	Some college	Anomic	82.4
12	Male	Caucasian	66	30110	38	Bachelor’s	Broca’sc	36.7

^aMonths post-onset; ^bWestern Aphasia Battery-Revised (Kertesz, 2006) used to determine type and severity, Aphasia quotient out of 100; ^cApraxia of Speech present based on clinical judgment; ^dOnly left-handed participant; all others right-handed; handedness based on the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory (i.e., score ≥ 50 = right-handed) (Oldfield, 1971).