Table 1.
Baseline demographic and metabolic characteristics of the randomized patients by study
| Study | Group a | No. | Mean age (y) | Female (%) | Known duration of diabetes (y) | HbA 1c , (%) | HbA 1c (mmol/mol) | Fasting plasma glycose, ( mmol l ‐1 ) | Body weight (kg) | Body mass index ( kg m ‐2 ) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fonseca et al. 47 | Rosiglitazone | l | 58.3 (8.8) | 32 | 8.3 (6.3) | 8.9 (1.3) | 73.8 | 12.2 (3.1) | NR | 29.8 (3.9) |
| Placebo | 116 | 58.8 (9.2) | 26 | 7.3 (5.7) | 8.6 (1.3) | 70.5 | 11.9 (2.9) | NR | 30.3 (4.4) | |
| Charpentier et al. 43 | Glimepiride | 147 | Median 56.8 | 42 | Median 5.6 | 6.4 (1.1) | 46.4 | 10.4 (1.8) | 81.2 (NR) | 29.5 (NR) |
| Placebo | 75 | Median 56.7 | 40 | Median 7.0 | 7.8 (1.2) | 61.7 | 10.6 (1.8) | 82.2 (NR) | 29.2 (NR) | |
| Marre et al. 52 | Glibenclamide | 101 | 58.0 (13.0) | 51 | 5.9 (5.4) | 7.9 (1.6) | 62.8 | 10.7 (3.0) | 84.7 (15.1) | 30.1 (4.6) |
| Placebo | 104 | 57.5 (11.5) | 40 | 5.4 (4.9) | 8.1 (1.8) | 65.0 | 11.0 (3.2) | 84.9 (17.6) | 29.9 (4.7) | |
| Marre et al. 53 | Nateglinide | 160 | 57.3 (10.5) | 39 | 6.8 (5.5) | 8.2 (NR) | 66.1 | 9.9 (2.5)b | 85.2 (13.9)b | 29.3 (3.5) |
| Placebo | 152 | 56.4 (10.3) | 45 | 6.5 (6.5) | 8.3 (NR) | 67.2 | 10.1 (2.5)b | 84.9 (14.7)b | 29.6 (3.9) | |
| Schernthaner et al. 22 | Gliclazide | 405 | 60.5 (9.9) | 49 | 5.6 (5.9) | 8.4 (1.1) | 68.3 | 10.2 (2.6) | 83.1 (14.3) | 30.5 (4.8) |
| Glimepiride | 440 | 60.6 (10.5) | 48 | 5.8 (5.8) | 8.2 (1.0) | 66.1 | 10.1 (2.6) | 83.8 (16.0) | 30.6 (4.9) | |
| Feinglos et al. 45 | Glipizide | 61 | 57.7 (10.7) | 54 | 6.5 (NR) | 7.5 (NR) | 58.5 | 8.6 (1.5)b | 90.0 (18.7) | 31.7 (4.4) |
| Placebo | 61 | 58.8 (10.0) | 59 | 4.6 (NR) | 7.6 (NR) | 59.6 | 8.7 (1.5)b | 90.8 (18.4) | 32.1 (4.9) | |
| Matthews et al. 54 | Pioglitazone | 317 | 56 (9.2) | 49 | 5.8 (5.1) | 8.7 (1.1) | 49.7 | 11.8 (3.1) | 91.8 (16.2) | 32.6 (5.0) |
| Gliclazide | 313 | 57 (9.0) | 51 | 5.5 (5.1) | 8.5 (0.9) | 69.4 | 11.3 (2.6) | 92.7 (17.4) | 32.6 (5.8) | |
| Charbonnel et al. 42 | Sitagliptin | 464 | 54.4 (10.4) | 44 | 6.0 (5.0) | 8.0 (0.8) | 63.9 | 9.4 (2.3) | 86.7 (17.8) | 30.9 (5.3) |
| Placebo | 237 | 54.7 (9.7) | 41 | 6.6 (5.5) | 8.0 (0.8) | 63.9 | 9.7 (2.3) | 89.6 (17.5) | 31.5 (4.9) | |
| Garber et al. 48 | Glibenclamide | 160 | 56 (NR) | 44 | 5 (4) | 8.5 (1.2) | 69.4 | 10.6 (2.9) | 93 (17) | 32 (5) |
| Rosiglitazone | 158 | 56 (NR) | 35 | 6 (5) | 8.4 (1.1) | 68.3 | 10.4 (2.7) | 94 (18) | 32 (5) | |
| Ristic et al. 59 | Nateglinide | 133 | 62.0 (11.0) | 46 | 7.2 (6.3) | 7.7 (0.6) | 60.7 | 9.0 (1.5) | NR | 28.5 (3.5) |
| Gliclazide | 129 | 61.6 (10.1) | 50 | 6.7 (5.6) | 7.6 (0.6) | 59.6 | 8.7 (1.5) | NR | 29.5 (3.6) | |
| Nauck et al. 55 | Sitagliptin | 588 | 56.8 (9.3) | 43 | 6.5 (6.1) | 7.7 (0.9) | 60.7 | 8.8 (1.9) | 89.5 (17.6) | 31.2 (5.0) |
| Glipizide | 584 | 56.6 (9.8) | 39 | 6.2 (5.4) | 7.6 (0.9) | 59.6 | 8.8 (2.1) | 89.7 (17.5) | 31.3 (5.2) | |
| Bolli et al. 39 | Vildagliptin | 295 | 56.3 (9.3) | 38 | 6.4 (4.9) | 8.4 (1.0) | 68.3 | 10.9 (2.6) | 91.8 (18.5) | 32.2 (5.6) |
| Pioglitazone | 281 | 57.0 (9.7) | 36 | 6.4 (5.2) | 8.4 (0.9) | 68.3 | 11.0 (2.7) | 91.2 (16.9) | 32.1 (5.1) | |
| Bosi et al. 40 | Vildagliptin | 185 | 53.9 (9.5) | 39 | 5.8 (4.7) | 8.4 (1.0) | 68.3 | 9.9 (2.6) | 95.3 (20.3)b | 32.9 (5.0) |
| Placebo | 182 | 54.5 (10.3) | 47 | 6.2 (5.3) | 8.3 (0.9) | 67.2 | 10.1 (2.4) | 94.8 (24.2)b | 33.2 (6.1) | |
| Raz et al. 58 | Sitagliptin | 96 | 53.6 (9.5) | 49 | 8.4 (6.5) | 9.3 (0.9) | 78.1 | 11.2 (2.6) | 81.5 (16.8) | 30.1 (4.4) |
| Placebo | 94 | 56.1 (9.5) | 59 | 7.3 (5.3) | 9.1 (0.8) | 76.0 | 11.0 (2.4) | 81.2 (19.4) | 30.4 (5.3) | |
| Scott et al. 63 | Sitagliptin | 94 | 55.2 (9.8) | 45 | 4.9 (3.5) | 7.8 (1.0) | 61.7 | 8.7 (1.7) | 83.1 (17.1) | 30.3 (4.7) |
| Rosiglitazone | 87 | 54.8 (10.5) | 37 | 4.6 (4.0) | 7.7 (0.8) | 60.7 | 8.7 (1.8) | 84.9 (18.5) | 30.4 (5.5) | |
| Placebo | 92 | 55.3 (9.3) | 41 | 5.4 (3.7) | 7.7 (0.9) | 60.7 | 8.9 (2.1) | 84.6 (16.5) | 30.0 (4.5) | |
| DeFronzo et al. 44 | Saxagliptin | 191 | 54.7 (9.6) | 46 | 6.4 (4.7) | 8.1 (0.8) | 65.0 | 10.0 (2.6) | 87.3 (17.0) | 31.2 (4.7) |
| Placebo | 179 | 54.8 (10.2) | 46 | 6.7 (5.6) | 8.1 (1.0) | 65.0 | 9.7 (2.4) | 87.1 (17.8) | 31.6 (4.8) | |
| Ferrannini et al. 46 | Vildagliptin | 1396 | 57.5 (9.1) | 47 | 5.7 (5.2) | 7.3 (0.6) | 56.3 | 9.2 (2.3) | 89.0 (NR) | 31.8 (5.3 |
| Glimepiride | 1393 | 57.5 (9.3) | 46 | 5.8 (5.0) | 7.3 (0.7) | 56.3 | 9.2 (2.2) | 88.6 (NR) | 31.7 (5.3) | |
| Goodman et al. 50 | Vildagliptin | 248 | 54.9 (10.8) | 47 | NR | 8.5 (1.0) | 69.4 | 10.8 (2.8) | NR | 31.4 (4.7) |
| Placebo | 122 | 54.5 (9.7) | 33 | NR | 8.7 (1.0) | 71.6 | 11.1 (2.8) | NR | 31.7 (4.3) | |
| Bailey et al. 38 | Dapagliflozin | 135 | 52.7 (9.9) | 43 | 6.1 (5.4) | 7.9 (0.8) | 62.8 | 8.7 (2.2) | 86.3 (17.5) | 31.2 (5.1) |
| Placebo | 137 | 53.7 (10.3) | 45 | 5.8 (5.1) | 8.1 (1.0) | 65.0 | 9.2 (2.6) | 87.7 (19.2) | 31.8 (5.3) | |
| Göke et al. 49 | Saxagliptin | 428 | 57.5 (10.3) | 51 | 5.5 (4.5) | 7.7 (0.9) | 60.7 | 9.0 (2.3) | 88.7 (18.6) | 31.5 (5.7) |
| Glipizide | 430 | 57.6 (10.4) | 46 | 5.4 (4.7) | 7.7 (0.9) | 60.7 | 8.9 (2.2) | 88.6 (19.6) | 31.3 (6.2) | |
| Scheen et al. 61 | Saxagliptin | 403 | 58.8 (10.1) | 53 | 6.3 (5.0) | 7.7 (1.0) | 60.7 | 8.9 (2.5) | NR | 31.1 (5.3) |
| Sitagliptin | 398 | 58.1 (10.5) | 49 | 6.3 (4.7) | 7.7 (0.9) | 60.7 | 8.9 (2.4) | NR | 30.9 (5.5) | |
| Arechavaleta et al. 37 | Sitagliptin | 516 | 56.3 (9.7) | 45 | 6.8 (4.6) | 7.5 (0.7) | 58.5 | 8.0 (1.8) | 80.6 (15.2) | 29.7 (4.5) |
| Glimepiride | 519 | 56.2 (10.1) | 46 | 6.7 (4.8) | 7.5 (0.8) | 58.5 | 8.1 (1.9) | 82.0 (16.7) | 30.2 (4.4) | |
| Nauck et al. 56 | Dapagliflozin | 406 | 58 (9) | 45 | 6 (5) | 7.7 (0.9) | 60.7 | 9.0 (2.1) | NR | 31.7 (5.1) |
| Glipizide | 408 | 59 (10) | 45 | 7 (6) | 7.7 (0.9) | 60.7 | 9.1 (2.3) | NR | 31.2 (5.1) | |
| Pan et al. 57 | Vildagliptin | 145 | 54.2 (9.6) | 50 | 4.9 (4.8) | 8.1 (0.9) | 65.0 | 8.8 (2.0) | 71.6 (11.9) | 26.1 (3.3) |
| Placebo | 144 | 54.5 (9.7) | 54 | 5.2 (4.6) | 8.0 (0.8) | 63.9 | 8.8 (2.1) | 69.8 (11.2) | 25.5 (3.1) | |
| Cefalu et al. 41 | Glimepiride | 482 | 56.3 (9.0) | 45 | 6.6 (5.0) | 7.8 (0.8) | 61.7 | 9.2 (2.1) | 86.5 (19.8) | 30.9 (5.5) |
| Canagliflozin | 485 | 55.8 (9.2) | 50 | 6.7 (5.5) | 7.8 (0.8) | 61.7 | 9.1 (2.0) | 86.6 (19.5) | 31.0 (5.4) | |
| Lavalle‐González et al. 51 | Placebo | 183 | 55.3 (9.8) | 49 | 6.8 (5.3) | 8.0 (0.9) | 63.9 | 9.1 (2.1) | 86.6 (22.4) | 31.1 (6.1) |
| Canagliflozin | 367 | 55.3 (9.2) | 55 | 7.1 (5.4) | 7.9 (0.9) | 62.8 | 9.6 (2.5) | 85.4 (20.9) | 31.4 (6.3) | |
| Sitagliptin | 366 | 55.5 (9.6) | 53 | 6.8 (5.2) | 7.9 (0.9) | 62.8 | 9.4 (2.3) | 87.7 (21.6) | 32.0 (6.1) | |
| Rosenstock et al. 60 | Saxagliptin | 176 | 55 (10) | 47 | 8.2 (5.5) | 9.0 (1.1) | 74.9 | 10.7 (2.5) | 88.0 (18.7) | 31.8 (5.1) |
| Dapagliflozin | 179 | 54 (10) | 50 | 7.4 (5.4) | 8.9 (1.2) | 73.8 | 10.3 (2.7) | 86.3 (18.6) | 31.5 (5.3) |
Data are presented as mean with standard deviation (SD) unless stated otherwise. NR, not reported; HbA1c, glycosylated haemoglobin
a
Only study arms included in the meta‐analysis are shown
b
SD calculated from standard error of mean (SE)