B—ANIMAL STUDIES
Study reference	Animal	Type of Substance and duration of usage	Study population	Underlying disease	Results (addicts compared to non-addicts)
					TG	TC	LDL	HDL
Bryant et al., 1987	Rat	75 mg morphine pellet (5-days period)	Male rats (morphine group, sham group)	Hypercholesterolemia	↔	↑	↑	↓
								↔n
Mami et al., 2011	Rabbit	Opium (orally for 2 months)	n = 40 (20 addict, 20 non-addict)	None	↑	↑	↑	↔
Mohammadi et al., 2013	Hamster	Opium (orally for 1 month)	n = 24 male (6 control, 6 opium addict, 6 alcoholic, 6 opium addict and alcoholic)	None	↑b	↔	↑b	↓b
Najafipour et al., 2010	Rabbit	Opium (smoking for 3 days or 28 days)	n = 40 (7 control, 7 isoproterenol, 6 short-term opium, 6 short-term opium + isoproterenol, 6 long-term opium, 6 long-term opium + isoproterenol)	Hypercholesterolemia	↔	↔	↔	↓r
Sadeghian et al., 2009	Rat	Opium (orally for 1 month)	n = 20 male (10 addict, 10 non-addict)	Diabetes mellitus	↔	↔	ND	↔
Mohammadi et al., 2009	Rabbit (male)	Opium (orally for 3 months)	n = 28 (7 control, 7 hypercholesterolemic, 7 addicted, 7 hypercholesterolemic-addicted	None	↑Y	↑Y	↑Y	↔
					↔n	↓n	↓n
Mohammadi et al., 2012	Mouse	Opium (orally for 1 month)	n = 16 (8 opium addict, 8 non-addict)	None	↔	↓	ND	↔

Symbols: ↓, decrease; ↑, increase; ↔, no difference; #, addicted males compared to control males; ^*, opium addicted compared to control; &, heroin addicted compared to control; n, normocholesterolemia compared to control; y, hypercholesterolemia compared to control; r, chronic opium compared to control; B, both opium addict and alcoholic compared to control; H, HDL; c, total cholesterol.

ND, not detected; AMI, acute myocardial infarction; CAD, coronary artery disease; ACS, acute coronary syndrome; BMI, body mass index.