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. 2016 Oct 13;10:458. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00458

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Copyright © 2016 Impellizzeri, Campolo, Bruschetta, Crupi, Cordaro, Paterniti, Cuzzocrea and Esposito.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effect of chronic TBI on Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) positive cells. Midbrain tissues were double-stained with antibodies against GFAP (red) and TH (green). The red spots indicate the co-localizations (merged) indicated by yellow arrows. Midbrain sections revealed increased astrogliosis (GFAP⁺ cells) in TBI panels. TH positive neurons were significantly reduced after TBI (TBI merged panel). Scale bar = 50 and 20 μm (particle). Each data are expressed as Mean ± SEM from N = 5 mice/group. Counting of colocalized cell confirmed our data. The co-localization of image was analyzed with image J software.