Table 2.

PIPOc behaviours

Coded behaviour	Definition	PIPOc components
Talk	Any neutral or positive vocal cues from the parents who encourage their infants to recognise sounds and label objects in their environment	Verbal engagement
Touch	The parent physically touches or holds their infant in a warm affectionate manner
Play	Parent proactively initiates and sustains games with their infant with obvious positive affect as the parents’ attempts to engage their infants’ interest	Physical encouragement
Move	The parents encourage their infant’s fine and gross motor movement, promoting the infant’s physical development
Mind	Parents verbalise the child’s wants or emotions and help them label, identify and understand their emotions	Sensitive parenting
Respond	Parents respond in a neutral or positive manner to their child’s neutral or positive vocal or physical action