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. 2016 Apr 12;73(6):1491–1524. doi: 10.1007/s00285-016-0995-3

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© The Author(s) 2016

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

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Fig. 1 — Mutation of point a in a metric space into b with mutation radius $r = d (a, b)$ . The distances $n = d (⊤, a)$ and $m = d (⊤, b)$ from an optimal element $⊤$ define the fitnesses of a and b