Table 3. Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS).
| Drug | Treatments | n | Target | Stimulation | Outcome measures | Effect | Citation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nicotine | Chronic for other disorders | 10 | B VS | Range: 130–145 Hz; 90–180 μs, 3–6.5 V | Cessation | 3/10 | Kuhn et al, 2009 |
| Alcohol | Chronic | 5 | B VS | 130 Hz; 90 μS, 4.5 V | Craving Abstinence | ↓ 2/5 | Voges et al, 2013 |
| Chronic | 1 | B VS | 130 Hz; 120 μS, 5.5 V | Alcohol consumption Cognitive control | ↓ ↓ | Kuhn et al, 2011 | |
| Heroin | Chronic | 2 | B VS | Range: 130–140 Hz; 90, 120 μs; 0–5 V | Drug use Anxiety/Depressive sympt | ↓ ↓ | Kuhn et al, 2014 |
Abbreviations: L, left; R, right; B, bilateral; VS, ventral striatum.