Table 1.

Databases for fundus images.

Name	Image acquisition	Number of images	Resolution	Uses
DRIVE [8]	3-CCD camera with 45-fold view	20 color fundus testing images. 20 color fundus training images.	768 × 584	Exudates, hemorrhages, microaneurysms, and abnormal blood vessels detection
Image-Ret (DIARETB0, DIARETB1) [9]	50-fold view	DIARETB0: total 130 images in which 20 images are normal and 110 with DR. DIARETB1: total 89 images: five images are normal and 84 images with DR.	1500 × 1152	Exudates, hemorrhages, microaneurysms, and abnormal blood vessels detection
Messidor [10]	3CCD camera at 45-fold view	1200 images.	1440 × 960, 2240 × 1488, and 2304 × 1536	Exudates, hemorrhages, microaneurysms, and abnormal blood vessels detection
Retinopathy Online Challenge [11]	Canon CR5-45-NM camera at 45-fold view	100 digital fundus images.	768 × 576, 1058 × 1061, and 1389 × 1383	Microaneurysms detection
e-ophtha_EX [12]	OPHDIAT© Tele-medical network	It contains 47 images with exudates and 35 images with no lesion.	2048 × 1360	Exudates detection
e-ophtha_MA [12]	OPHDIAT© Tele-medical network	It contains 148 images with microaneurysms or small hemorrhages and 233 images with no lesion.	2048 × 1360	Microaneurysms detection
STARE [13]	Top con TRV 50 fundus camera at 35-fold view	400 images.	605 × 700	Exudates, hemorrhages, microaneurysms, and abnormal blood vessels detection
HEI-MED [7]	Zeiss Visucam PRO fundus camera at 45-fold view	169 images in which 115 images are abnormal and 54 images are healthy.	2196 × 1958	Exudates detection