Figure 9. Bmal1 regulates cholesterol transporters and Gata4 in wild-type mice.

(a,b) Gene expression analysis in the livers of Bmal1^+/+, Bmal1^−/− (a), Bmal1^fl/fl and L-Bmal1^−/− mice (b). (c,d) Wild-type primary hepatocytes were transfected with plasmids expressing Bmal1 and Clock and used for gene expression studies (c) and for cholesterol efflux to bile acid acceptors (d). (e) Primary hepatocytes from Bmal1^+/+ and Bmal1^−/− mice were treated with 50% serum for 2 h and collected at indicated times to measure changes in gene expression. (f,g) Livers from Bmal1^+/+, Bmal1^−/−(f), Bmal1^fl/fl and L-Bmal1^−/− mice (g) (six mice for each time point) were collected at indicated times to measure mRNA levels of different genes. (h) ChIP analysis for the binding of Bmal1 to the Gata4 and Gata6 promoters, and for the binding of Gata4 and Gata6 to the Abcg5 promoter. Data in a–d were evaluated using the unpaired Student's t-test. Data in e–g were examined by two-way ANOVA. Values are mean±s.d. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 and ***P<0.001. Error bars represent s.d.