Table 1.
Site-specific and pooled (both Pakistan and Bangladesh) mAORs for association of MSD with Aeromonas adjusted for pathogens and socioeconomic variables
| Bangladesh | Pakistan | Pooled | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Model 0 | ||||||
| 0–11 | 2.0 (1.5–2.6) | < 0.001 | 2.1 (1.5–2.9) | < 0.001 | 2.0 (1.7–2.5) | < 0.001 |
| 12–23 | 2.0 (1.5–2.7) | < 0.001 | 2.2 (1.6–3.0) | < 0.001 | 2.1 (1.7–2.6) | < 0.001 |
| 24–59 | 2.4 (1.8–3.2) | < 0.001 | 3.6 (2.5–5.0) | < 0.001 | 2.8 (2.3–3.5) | < 0.001 |
| Model 1 | ||||||
| 0–11 | 1.7 (1.3–2.4) | 0.001 | 2.3 (1.5–3.4) | < 0.001 | 1.9 (1.5–2.5) | < 0.001 |
| 12–23 | 1.9 (1.2–3.0) | 0.005 | 2.0 (1.4–2.9) | < 0.001 | 2.0 (1.5–2.6) | |
| Aeromonas × Shigella | Aeromonas × Shigella | |||||
| Shigella negative, 1.8 (1.2–2.6) | 0.002 | Shigella negative, 1.8 (1.4–2.4) | < 0.001 | |||
| Shigella positive, 9.6 (1.8–51.3) | 0.008 | Shigella positive, 5.8 (1.9–18.1) | 0.003 | |||
| 24–59 | 2.4 (1.5–3.9) | < 0.001 | 3.9 (2.6–5.9) | < 0.001 | 3.3 (2.4–4.5) | < 0.001 |
| Aeromonas × site | ||||||
| Bangladesh, 2.3 (1.5–3.5) | < 0.001 | |||||
| Pakistan, 4.8 (3.0–7.5) | < 0.001 | |||||
| Model 2 | ||||||
| 0–11 | 1.9 (1.5–2.5) | < 0.001 | 2.2 (1.6–3.0) | < 0.001 | 2.0 (1.6–2.5) | < 0.001 |
| Aeromonas × age | ||||||
| ≤ 6 month, 3.8 (1.7–8.2) | < 0.001 | |||||
| > 6 months, 1.1 (0.6–2.3) | 0.706 | |||||
| 12–23 | 2.1 (1.6–2.8) | < 0.001 | 1.8 (1.3–2.6) | 0.001 | 2.0 (1.6–2.6) | < 0.001 |
| 24–59 | 2.5 (1.8–3.4) | < 0.001 | 3.6 (2.3–5.4) | 0.001 | 2.7 (2.1–3.5) | < 0.001 |
| Aeromonas × HAZ | ||||||
| Well-nourished, 1.3 (0.3–4.8) | 0.705 | |||||
| Mild stunting, 1.9 (0.8–4.4) | 0.128 | |||||
| Mod stunting, 3.6 (1.8–7.0) | < 0.001 | |||||
| Severe stunting, 11.8 (4.4–32.0) | < 0.001 | |||||
| Model 3 | ||||||
| 0–11 | 1.8 (1.3–2.4) | 0.001 | 2.3 (1.6–3.5) | < 0.001 | 1.9 (1.4–2.5) | < 0.001 |
| 12–23 | 2.0 (1.2–3.1) | 0.003 | 1.7 (1.1–2.5) | 0.013 | 1.8 (1.3–2.5) | < 0.001 |
| Aeromonas × Shigella | Aeromonas × Shigella | |||||
| Shigella negative, 1.4 (0.9–2.2) | 0.097 | Shigella negative, 1.6 (1.2–2.3) | 0.002 | |||
| Shigella positive, 8.0 (1.5–43.8) | 0.016 | Shigella positive, 6.2 (1.9–20.2) | 0.002 | |||
| 24–59 | 2.3 (1.4–3.9) | 0.002 | 3.7 (2.3–6.0) | < 0.001 | 3.0 (2.1–4.2) | < 0.001 |
| Aeromonas × HAZ | Aeromonas × site | |||||
| Well nourished, 1.0 (0.3–4.2) | 0.950 | Bangladesh, 2.2 (1.3–3.5) | 0.002 | |||
| Mild stunting, 2.0 (0.8–5.3) | 0.141 | Pakistan, 4.0 (2.5–6.6) | < 0.001 | |||
| Mod stunting, 4.3 (2.1–9.0) | < 0.001 | |||||
| Severe stunting, 10.1 (3.6–28.9) | < 0.001 | |||||
CI = confidence interval; ETEC = enterotoxigenic E. coli; EHEC = enterohaemorrhagic E. coli; EAEC = entero-adherent E. coli; EPEC = enteropathogenic E. coli; HAZ = height-for-age Z score; mAORs = matched adjusted odds ratios; MSD = moderate-to-severe diarrhea; OR = odds ratio. Model 0 represents unadjusted analysis. Model 1 is adjusted for Shigella, Salmonella, Campylobacter, ETEC, EHEC, EAEC, EPEC, Adenovirus, Vibrio cholera, Cryptosporidium, Giardia, Entameoba histolytica, Norovirus GI, Norovirus GII, Astrovirus, Sapovirus, and Rotavirus (cumulative list of pathogens that were adjusted across all models). Model 2 is adjusted for sociodemographic variables (wealth quintiles, water supply, treatment of drinking water, type of flooring, number of children under 5 years in household, breastfeeding, HAZ, animals in household). Model 3 is adjusted for pathogens and sociodemographic variables.