Table 4.

Multivariable regression of health indicators in association with hookworm infection

Total N = 1,738	n	Odds ratio	95% CI for odds ratio	P value
Variables
Body iron < 0*	22	6.3**	2.5–15.8	< 0.001
Body iron < 4†	137	4.4**	3.0–6.5	< 0.001
Marginal VA status‡	147	1.4	0.9–2.0	0.149
Zinc deficiency§	1,315	1.2	0.7–2.0	0.479
Inflammation¶	647	1.0	0.8–1.3	0.921
HAZ < −2SD	503	1.1	0.8–1.4	0.438
WAZ < −2SD	938	1.0	0.7–1.5	0.755

AGP = α-1-acid-glycoprotein; CI = confidence interval; CRP = C-reactive protein; HAZ = height-for-age z-score; RBP = retinol-binding protein; VA = vitamin A; WAZ = weight-for-age z-score.

^*Deficit iron store (body iron < 0 mg/kg of body weight).

^†Low iron store (body iron < 4 mg/kg of body weight).

^‡0.7 ≤ RBP1 < 1.05 μmol/L.

^§Serum zinc < 9.9 μmol/L for age 4–9 years, < 10.1 μmol/L for girls ≥ 10 years of age, < 10.7 μmol/L for boys ≥ 10 years of age.

^¶Elevated CRP/AGP or both CRP and AGP.

^**Adjusted for age, sex, marginal VA status, zinc deficiency, inflammation, hemoglobinopathy, and anemia.