Table 1.
Characteristics of the study sample (N = 272)
| Frequency* or mean (±SD) | % | |
|---|---|---|
| Infant characteristics | ||
| Age (days) at enrollment | 34 ± 8 | – |
| Male | 144 | 52.9 |
| C-section | 81 | 29.8 |
| Preterm (< 37 weeks gestational age) | 48 | 17.6 |
| Water and sanitation | ||
| Water piped indoors | 108 | 39.7 |
| Treats water before drinking | 176 | 64.7 |
| Private toilet (vs. shared or none) | 170 | 62.5 |
| Piped sewer (vs. pit latrine) | 226 | 83.1 |
| Trash picked up (vs. thrown onto patio, other) | 226 | 83.1 |
| Crowding (> 2 people per bedroom) | 200 | 73.5 |
| Other sociodemographics | ||
| Maternal age (years) | 25.5 ± 6.3 | – |
| Maternal employment | 70 | 25.8 |
| Household owns refrigerator | 77 | 28.3 |
| Higher quality floor material (hardwood, carpet, or tile vs. cement) | 98 | 36.0 |
| Maternal education | ||
| Primary or less | 35 | 12.9 |
| At least some secondary | 167 | 61.4 |
| At least some superior | 70 | 25.7 |
SD = standard deviation.
*
Of singleton infants with plasma available for at least the 2-month visit and no missing data for exposures or outcomes.