Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study populationa
| Variable | Level | n (%) |
|---|---|---|
| N (%) | 1815 (100) | |
| Lusaka | 1111 (61.2) | |
| Age (years), median (IQR) | 35 (29–41) | |
| Female | 900 (49.6) | |
| BMI (kg/m2), median (IQR) | 16.7 (15.6–17.5) | |
| BMI <17 kg/m2 | 1074 (59.2) | |
| CD4 count (cells/μl), median (IQR) | 120 (51–211) | |
| CD4 count group | > = 200 | 494 (27.2) |
| 100–199 | 531 (29.3) | |
| 50–99 | 347 (19.1) | |
| <50 | 443 (24.4) | |
| Haemoglobin (g/L), median (IQR) | 96 (80–111) | |
| Haemoglobin groupb | Normal | 177 (9.8) |
| Mild anaemia | 285 (15.7) | |
| Moderate anaemia | 810 (44.6) | |
| Severe anaemia | 398 (21.9) | |
| Missing | 145 (8.0) | |
| Phosphate <0.87 mmol/L | <0.87 | 196 (10.8) |
| Missing | 51 (2.8) | |
| Marital status | Married/Cohabiting | 858 (47.3) |
| Widowed | 203 (11.2) | |
| Divorced-Separated | 510 (28.1) | |
| Single | 243 (13.4) | |
| Missing | 1 (<0.1) | |
| Occupation | Salaried | 271 (14.9) |
| Self-employed | 945 (52.1) | |
| Housewife | 183 (10.1) | |
| Student | 18 (1.0) | |
| Unemployed | 397 (21.9) | |
| Missing | 1 (<0.1) | |
| Education | None | 343 (18.9) |
| Primary | 1045 (57.6) | |
| Secondary | 377 (20.8) | |
| Tertiary | 49 (2.7) | |
| Missing | 1 (<0.1) | |
| TB treatment at baseline | 304 (16.9) | |
| Oedema at baseline | 66 (3.6) | |
| Initial ART regimen (% of 1474 patients who started ART) | AZT/3TC/EFV | 135 (9.2) |
| AZT/FTC/NVP | 236 (16.0) | |
| TDF/FTC/EFV | 816 (55.4) | |
| TDF/FTC/NVP | 64 (4.3) | |
| Other | 54 (3.7) | |
| Missing | 169 (11.5) |
a BMI body mass index, CI confidence interval, LNS lipid-based nutritional supplement without added vitamins and minerals, LNS-VM lipid nutritional supplement with added vitamins and minerals, AZT Zidovudine, 3TC Lamivudine, NVP nevirapine, TDF tenofovir, EFV efavirenz; FTC emtricitabine
bHaemoglobin categories were selected based on usual nutritional cut-offs, not as defined for specific adverse events; adequate haemoglobin was defined as 130 g/L for men and 120 g/L for women; mild anaemia was 110 g/L to the adequate cut-off; moderate anaemia was 80–109 g/L; severe anaemia was < 80 g/L