Table 4.
Poisson regression models for baseline factors associated with mortality during the pre- and post-ART periodsa
| Pre-ART period (n = 1656) c | After starting ART (n = 1334) d | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Factor | Level | Adjusted HRb (95 % CI) | p-value | Adjusted HRb (95 % CI) | p-value |
| Site | Zambia | 1 | <0.001 | 1 | 0.28 |
| Tanzania | 2.65 (1.82 to 3.84) | 1.20 (0.86 to 1.66) | |||
| Sex | Female | 1 | <0.001 | 1 | 0.16 |
| Male | 3.44 (2.31 to 5.14) | 1.29 (0.90 to 1.84) | |||
| Age group (years) | 18–29 | 1 | 0.65 | 1 | 0.71 |
| 30–39 | 1.18 (0.77 to 1.83) | 0.81 (0.55 to 1.20) | |||
| 40–49 | 1.04 (0.62 to 1.75) | 0.87 (0.56 to 1.35) | |||
| > = 50 | 0.83 (0.43 to 1.60) | 1.00 (0.56 to 1.76) | |||
| CD4 group (cells/μl) | > = 200 | 1 | 0.004 | 1 | 0.001 |
| 100–199 | 1.23 (0.69 to 2.19) | 1.34 (0.83 to 2.14) | |||
| 50–99 | 2.08 (1.21 to 3.59) | 1.60 (0.97 to 2.64) | |||
| <50 | 2.25 (1.35 to 3.59) | 2.33 (1.49 to 3.66) | |||
| BMIa | Per 1 kg/m2 increase | 0.93 (0.82 to 1.05) | 0.23 | 0.80 (0.72 to 0.89) | <0.001 |
| Oedema | No | 1 | 0.13 | 1 | 0.03 |
| Yes | 1.57 (0.88 to 2.82) | 2.03 (1.09 to 3.79) | |||
| Baseline TBa treatment | No | 1 | <0.001 | 1 | 0.003 |
| Yes | 0.32 (0.18 to 0.58) | 0.49 (0.30 to 0.79) | |||
| CRPa (mg/l) | <10 | 1 | 0.001 | 1 | <0.001 |
| 10–49 | 0.69 (0.32 to 1.49) | 3.00 (1.49 to 6.05) | |||
| 50–159 | 2.02 (1.13 to 3.62) | 4.79 (2.43 to 9.43) | |||
| ≥160 | 1.94 (1.09 to 3.45) | 5.94 (3.02 to 11.67) | |||
| Fat-free mass index | Per 1 kg/m2 increase | 0.97 (0.74 to 1.26) | 0.78 | 0.70 (0.56 to 0.89) | 0.003 |
| Grip strength | Per 1 kg increase | 0.90 (0.87 to 0.93) | <0.001 | 0.98 (0.95 to 1.01) | 0.12 |
| MUACa | Per 1 cm increase | 0.93 (0.85 to 1.02) | 0.11 | 0.84 (0.78 to 0.91) | <0.001 |
| Appetite score | > − 0.5 | 1 | 0.34 | 1 | 0.85 |
| −1.49 to−0.55 | 0.90 (0.50 to 1.61) | 1.00 (0.54 to 1.82) | |||
| <−1.5 | 1.31 (0.76 to 2.28) | 1.15 (0.65 to 2.05) | |||
| Phosphate (mmol/l) | Cubic spline | 0.06 | 0.50 | ||
aAbbreviations: ART antiretroviral therapy, BMI body mass index, MUAC mid-upper arm circumference, CRP C-reactive protein, TB tuberculosis
bMultivariable analysis adjusted for age, sex, CD4, BMI, oedema, TB treatment, CRP, grip strength, site, follow-up period and study arm. Post-ART analysis also adjusted for weeks spent pre-ART. Association with fat-free mass, MUAC and appetite not adjusted for BMI. Post-ART analysis also adjusted for weeks spent pre-ART
cPre-ART analysis; Fat-free mass n = 1331, MUAC n = 1643, Appetite n = 623, Phosphate n = 1615
dPost-ART analysis; Fat-free mass n = 1113, MUAC n = 1323, Appetite n = 478, Phosphate n = 1304